Component
Human BAX
Human BAX. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Coumarin increased BAX expression in HeLa cells.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/coumarin-research/18210747.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e78df713d6bc2e34f13e80a0ef04c217a176b5d6082cbb28fa5a62464fcce842", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1237, "text_sha256": "e78df713d6bc2e34f13e80a0ef04c217a176b5d6082cbb28fa5a62464fcce842"}
- experimental_model
- Cell viability, cell cycle, protein and mitochondrial assays
- exposure
- Coumarin; reported viability IC50 54.2 micromolar
- limitations
- Cultured cancer-cell response does not establish treatment efficacy; indexed abstract does not specify all exposure durations.
- nutrient_topic
- Coumarin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coumarin
- organism
- Human cell line
- plain_language
- A protein associated with mitochondrial apoptosis increased.
- primary_references
- [coumarin-p18210747] Coumarin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells through a mitochondria- and caspase-3 dependent mechanism and NF-kappaB down-regulation. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18210747/
- tissue_or_cell_type
- HeLa cervical cancer cells
Coumarin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 371–382
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell viability, cell cycle, protein and mitochondrial assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### coumarin-hela-bax Coumarin increased BAX expression in HeLa cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coumarin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A protein associated with mitochondrial apoptosis increased. organism: Human cell line tissue_or_cell_type: HeLa cervical cancer cells experimental_model: Cell viability, cell cycle, protein and mitochondrial assays limitations: Cultured cancer-cell response does not establish treatment efficacy; indexed abstract does not specify all exposure durations. exposure: Coumarin; reported viability IC50 54.2 micromolar evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coumarin-research/18210747.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e78df713d6bc2e34f13e80a0ef04c217a176b5d6082cbb28fa5a62464fcce842", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1237, "text_sha256": "e78df713d6bc2e34f13e80a0ef04c217a176b5d6082cbb28fa5a62464fcce842"} [coumarin-p18210747] Coumarin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells through a mitochondria- and caspase-3 dependent mechanism and NF-kappaB down-regulation. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18210747/
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Purified annonacin activated p21, increased Bax and caspase-3, and produced G1 arrest and cell death in cultured T24 bladder-cancer cells.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Purified annonacin concentration-response
- duration
- Up to 48 hours
- evidence_access
- Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
- experimental_model
- Human T24 bladder-cancer cells and other cancer lines
- limitations
- Cancer-cell cytotoxicity does not establish tumor selectivity, human efficacy, or a safe graviola product.
- nutrient_topic
- Graviola (Annona muricata) chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Graviola / Annona muricata
- organism
- Human T24 bladder-cancer cells and other cancer lines
- plain_language
- Purified annonacin activated p21, increased Bax and caspase-3, and produced G1 arrest and cell death in cultured T24 bladder-cancer cells.
- primary_references
- Annonacin, a mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, arrests cancer cells at the G1 phase and causes cytotoxicity in a Bax- and caspase-3-related pathway. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12697268/ DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00190-5
- route
- In vitro
- tissue
- Cell cycle and apoptosis markers
Graviola (Annona muricata): mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 99–108
Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human T24 bladder-cancer cells and other cancer lines · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## graviola-annonacin-cell-cycle Purified annonacin activated p21, increased Bax and caspase-3, and produced G1 arrest and cell death in cultured T24 bladder-cancer cells. Model/species: Human T24 bladder-cancer cells and other cancer lines Tissue/system: Cell cycle and apoptosis markers Exposure: Purified annonacin concentration-response Route: In vitro Duration: Up to 48 hours Limits: Cancer-cell cytotoxicity does not establish tumor selectivity, human efficacy, or a safe graviola product. Primary reference: Annonacin, a mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, arrests cancer cells at the G1 phase and causes cytotoxicity in a Bax- and caspase-3-related pathway. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12697268/ DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00190-5 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.