Human ABCG5 sterol transporter subunit: molecular mechanisms & dependencies

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

Human evidence only

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

Free zeaxanthin increased ABCG5 protein expression in Caco-2 cells.
Dietary (3R,3-prime-R)-zeaxanthin → Human ABCG5 sterol transporter subunit source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/zeaxanthin-research/42123990.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c0b42011e7f16c3fe60d599d489d01e4b3098db9ad04856d26aca10008e995f4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1803, "text_sha256": "c0b42011e7f16c3fe60d599d489d01e4b3098db9ad04856d26aca10008e995f4"}
experimental_model
Micelle uptake, transporter inhibition and protein-expression assays
exposure
Free and dipalmitate xanthophyll micelles; BLT-1 and ezetimibe
limitations
Inhibitors support pathway involvement rather than exclusivity. Protein-expression changes do not prove efflux; a cell model cannot establish clinical drug spacing.
nutrient_topic
Zeaxanthin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Dietary (3R,3-prime-R)-zeaxanthin
organism
Human Caco-2 monolayers
plain_language
The cell increased a transporter subunit; actual zeaxanthin efflux was not established.
primary_references
[zeaxanthin-p42123990] Mechanisms of Cell Uptake and Transport of Xanthophylls in the Caco-2 Cell Model. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42123990/ DOI: 10.3390/nu18091389
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal epithelial model
Zeaxanthin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 691–702
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Micelle uptake, transporter inhibition and protein-expression assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### zeaxanthin-abcg5-expression Free zeaxanthin increased ABCG5 protein expression in Caco-2 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Zeaxanthin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The cell increased a transporter subunit; actual zeaxanthin efflux was not established. organism: Human Caco-2 monolayers tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal epithelial model experimental_model: Micelle uptake, transporter inhibition and protein-expression assays limitations: Inhibitors support pathway involvement rather than exclusivity. Protein-expression changes do not prove efflux; a cell model cannot establish clinical drug spacing. exposure: Free and dipalmitate xanthophyll micelles; BLT-1 and ezetimibe evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/zeaxanthin-research/42123990.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c0b42011e7f16c3fe60d599d489d01e4b3098db9ad04856d26aca10008e995f4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1803, "text_sha256": "c0b42011e7f16c3fe60d599d489d01e4b3098db9ad04856d26aca10008e995f4"} [zeaxanthin-p42123990] Mechanisms of Cell Uptake and Transport of Xanthophylls in the Caco-2 Cell Model. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42123990/ DOI: 10.3390/nu18091389
Complete structured claim and evidence
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate did not significantly increase ABCG5 expression in the comparison.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate → Human ABCG5 sterol transporter subunit source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/zeaxanthin-research/42123990.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c0b42011e7f16c3fe60d599d489d01e4b3098db9ad04856d26aca10008e995f4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1803, "text_sha256": "c0b42011e7f16c3fe60d599d489d01e4b3098db9ad04856d26aca10008e995f4"}
experimental_model
Micelle uptake, transporter inhibition and protein-expression assays
exposure
Free and dipalmitate xanthophyll micelles; BLT-1 and ezetimibe
limitations
Inhibitors support pathway involvement rather than exclusivity. Protein-expression changes do not prove efflux; a cell model cannot establish clinical drug spacing.
nutrient_topic
Zeaxanthin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Dietary (3R,3-prime-R)-zeaxanthin
organism
Human Caco-2 monolayers
plain_language
Free and esterified pigment produced different expression responses.
primary_references
[zeaxanthin-p42123990] Mechanisms of Cell Uptake and Transport of Xanthophylls in the Caco-2 Cell Model. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42123990/ DOI: 10.3390/nu18091389
tissue_or_cell_type
Intestinal epithelial model
Zeaxanthin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 704–715
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Micelle uptake, transporter inhibition and protein-expression assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### zeaxanthin-ester-abcg5-null Zeaxanthin dipalmitate did not significantly increase ABCG5 expression in the comparison. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Zeaxanthin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Free and esterified pigment produced different expression responses. organism: Human Caco-2 monolayers tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal epithelial model experimental_model: Micelle uptake, transporter inhibition and protein-expression assays limitations: Inhibitors support pathway involvement rather than exclusivity. Protein-expression changes do not prove efflux; a cell model cannot establish clinical drug spacing. exposure: Free and dipalmitate xanthophyll micelles; BLT-1 and ezetimibe evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/zeaxanthin-research/42123990.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c0b42011e7f16c3fe60d599d489d01e4b3098db9ad04856d26aca10008e995f4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1803, "text_sha256": "c0b42011e7f16c3fe60d599d489d01e4b3098db9ad04856d26aca10008e995f4"} [zeaxanthin-p42123990] Mechanisms of Cell Uptake and Transport of Xanthophylls in the Caco-2 Cell Model. (2026). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42123990/ DOI: 10.3390/nu18091389
Complete structured claim and evidence

The events it takes part in

A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.

Situations it appears in

Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

Open hypotheses

Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.

This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

Human ABCG5 sterol transporter subunit