Component

Human vitamin K epoxide reductase / VKORC1

Human vitamin K epoxide reductase / VKORC1. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Human VKORC1 missense variants were identified in combined vitamin K-dependent factor deficiency and in warfarin resistance; the deficiency variant did not increase VKOR activity upon overexpression.

    Human vitamin K epoxide reductase / VKORC1 → Vitamin K-dependent coagulation protein function source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/14765194.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e3691f9cae6d813e59dcad49c9715e4d93db1e6f46d16ec6399f12edb0502e1f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1293, "text_sha256": "e3691f9cae6d813e59dcad49c9715e4d93db1e6f46d16ec6399f12edb0502e1f"}
    experimental_model
    Human and rat genetic linkage with functional expression
    exposure
    Inherited deficiency/resistance variants
    limitations
    Rare genetic defects are different from dietary deficiency; historical multiprotein-complex language is not a current structural claim.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin K2 / menaquinone family
    organism
    Human VKORC1 variants and rat resistance alleles
    plain_language
    Different variants affect either basal function or drug response.
    primary_references
    [k2-p14765194] Mutations in VKORC1 cause warfarin resistance and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14765194/ DOI: 10.1038/nature02214
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Vitamin K recycling and coagulation
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin K2: menaquinone forms, carboxylation, recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 890–901

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human and rat genetic linkage with functional expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### k2-vkor-human-defect Human VKORC1 missense variants were identified in combined vitamin K-dependent factor deficiency and in warfarin resistance; the deficiency variant did not increase VKOR activity upon overexpression. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Different variants affect either basal function or drug response. organism: Human VKORC1 variants and rat resistance alleles tissue_or_cell_type: Vitamin K recycling and coagulation experimental_model: Human and rat genetic linkage with functional expression limitations: Rare genetic defects are different from dietary deficiency; historical multiprotein-complex language is not a current structural claim. exposure: Inherited deficiency/resistance variants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/14765194.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e3691f9cae6d813e59dcad49c9715e4d93db1e6f46d16ec6399f12edb0502e1f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1293, "text_sha256": "e3691f9cae6d813e59dcad49c9715e4d93db1e6f46d16ec6399f12edb0502e1f"} [k2-p14765194] Mutations in VKORC1 cause warfarin resistance and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14765194/ DOI: 10.1038/nature02214
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Silencing the identified VKORC1 gene reduced vitamin K epoxide reductase activity; recombinant expression restored warfarin-sensitive enzyme activity.

    Human vitamin K epoxide reductase / VKORC1 → Vitamin K epoxide recycling source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/14765195.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32f373fc0363ed079e580b2d47a3cb36c82b46871860fc6740b0285e23936496", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1385, "text_sha256": "32f373fc0363ed079e580b2d47a3cb36c82b46871860fc6740b0285e23936496"}
    experimental_model
    siRNA identification and recombinant expression
    exposure
    Gene silencing, enzyme expression and warfarin sensitivity
    limitations
    Gene-discovery experiments; later structural understanding supersedes the original minimal topology description.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin K2 / menaquinone family
    organism
    Human VKORC1 and insect-cell expression
    plain_language
    The used vitamin K cofactor can be recycled instead of being replaced after every reaction.
    primary_references
    [k2-p14765195] Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14765195/ DOI: 10.1038/nature02254
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Vitamin K recycling enzyme

    Vitamin K2: menaquinone forms, carboxylation, recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 435–446

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · siRNA identification and recombinant expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### k2-vkor-recycling Silencing the identified VKORC1 gene reduced vitamin K epoxide reductase activity; recombinant expression restored warfarin-sensitive enzyme activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The used vitamin K cofactor can be recycled instead of being replaced after every reaction. organism: Human VKORC1 and insect-cell expression tissue_or_cell_type: Vitamin K recycling enzyme experimental_model: siRNA identification and recombinant expression limitations: Gene-discovery experiments; later structural understanding supersedes the original minimal topology description. exposure: Gene silencing, enzyme expression and warfarin sensitivity evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/14765195.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32f373fc0363ed079e580b2d47a3cb36c82b46871860fc6740b0285e23936496", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1385, "text_sha256": "32f373fc0363ed079e580b2d47a3cb36c82b46871860fc6740b0285e23936496"} [k2-p14765195] Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14765195/ DOI: 10.1038/nature02254
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. Recombinantly expressed VKORC1 activity was sensitive to warfarin.

    Warfarin → Human vitamin K epoxide reductase / VKORC1 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/14765195.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32f373fc0363ed079e580b2d47a3cb36c82b46871860fc6740b0285e23936496", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1385, "text_sha256": "32f373fc0363ed079e580b2d47a3cb36c82b46871860fc6740b0285e23936496"}
    experimental_model
    siRNA identification and recombinant expression
    exposure
    Gene silencing, enzyme expression and warfarin sensitivity
    limitations
    Gene-discovery experiments; later structural understanding supersedes the original minimal topology description.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin K2 / menaquinone family
    organism
    Human VKORC1 and insect-cell expression
    plain_language
    An anticoagulant acts on cofactor recycling, which changes protein maturation downstream.
    primary_references
    [k2-p14765195] Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14765195/ DOI: 10.1038/nature02254
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Vitamin K recycling enzyme

    Vitamin K2: menaquinone forms, carboxylation, recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 448–459

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · siRNA identification and recombinant expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### k2-warfarin-vkor Recombinantly expressed VKORC1 activity was sensitive to warfarin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An anticoagulant acts on cofactor recycling, which changes protein maturation downstream. organism: Human VKORC1 and insect-cell expression tissue_or_cell_type: Vitamin K recycling enzyme experimental_model: siRNA identification and recombinant expression limitations: Gene-discovery experiments; later structural understanding supersedes the original minimal topology description. exposure: Gene silencing, enzyme expression and warfarin sensitivity evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/14765195.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32f373fc0363ed079e580b2d47a3cb36c82b46871860fc6740b0285e23936496", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1385, "text_sha256": "32f373fc0363ed079e580b2d47a3cb36c82b46871860fc6740b0285e23936496"} [k2-p14765195] Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14765195/ DOI: 10.1038/nature02254
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards