Component

Tungstate / WO4(2-)

Tungstate / WO4(2-). Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Tungstate inhibited HsMOT2-dependent molybdate uptake in yeast; 1 mM sulfate had little effect.

    Tungstate / WO4(2-) → Human MFSD5 / HsMOT2 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/21464289.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Exact primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "861076d0403540a9fe3ad941cd7c0807224cb9323da6d8179546e9983f782cc7", "start_char": 18693, "end_char": 18917, "text_sha256": "df769097827247aa8c9b82a5877b016a6977021d43424f2deed3aad684c51688"}
    experimental_model
    Human HsMOT2 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with separate algal experiments
    exposure
    Molybdate uptake assays and oxyanion comparisons
    limitations
    The text and figure use different tungstate concentrations; no exact tungstate dose is assigned here. Yeast assay, not human dietary competition.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Human protein in yeast; Chlamydomonas experiments separately
    plain_language
    Tungstate competed in this transporter assay, while sulfate had little effect.
    primary_references
    [mo-p21464289] Algae and humans share a molybdate transporter. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21464289/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100700108
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Heterologous membrane transport

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 209–220

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human HsMOT2 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with separate algal experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-tungstate-transport Tungstate inhibited HsMOT2-dependent molybdate uptake in yeast; 1 mM sulfate had little effect. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Tungstate competed in this transporter assay, while sulfate had little effect. organism: Human protein in yeast; Chlamydomonas experiments separately tissue_or_cell_type: Heterologous membrane transport experimental_model: Human HsMOT2 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with separate algal experiments limitations: The text and figure use different tungstate concentrations; no exact tungstate dose is assigned here. Yeast assay, not human dietary competition. exposure: Molybdate uptake assays and oxyanion comparisons evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/21464289.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Exact primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "861076d0403540a9fe3ad941cd7c0807224cb9323da6d8179546e9983f782cc7", "start_char": 18693, "end_char": 18917, "text_sha256": "df769097827247aa8c9b82a5877b016a6977021d43424f2deed3aad684c51688"} [mo-p21464289] Algae and humans share a molybdate transporter. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21464289/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100700108
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Replacing molybdenum with tungsten during recombinant mARC1 production abolished NO formation.

    Tungsten-substituted recombinant human MTARC1 → NO source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/24500710.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e4c2ab41c945d420266290d0241752039d7de2cb6223f9c64c7d0525c5688d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1585, "text_sha256": "e4c2ab41c945d420266290d0241752039d7de2cb6223f9c64c7d0525c5688d9b"}
    experimental_model
    Recombinant human mARC1/mARC2, active-site mutation, tungsten replacement and HEK expression
    exposure
    Reduced enzyme, nitrite, NADH/CYB5/CYB5R; pH 7.5 versus 6.5
    limitations
    Shows nitrite-reducing capacity; its share of NO production in normal people and response to mineral intake are not established.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Homo sapiens proteins and HEK cells
    plain_language
    A chemically similar metal could not replace molybdenum in this reaction.
    primary_references
    [mo-p24500710] Nitrite reductase and nitric-oxide synthase activity of the mitochondrial molybdopterin enzymes mARC1 and mARC2. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24500710/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555177
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified redox system and human cell model
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1080–1091

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human mARC1/mARC2, active-site mutation, tungsten replacement and HEK expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-marc-tungsten Replacing molybdenum with tungsten during recombinant mARC1 production abolished NO formation. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A chemically similar metal could not replace molybdenum in this reaction. organism: Homo sapiens proteins and HEK cells tissue_or_cell_type: Purified redox system and human cell model experimental_model: Recombinant human mARC1/mARC2, active-site mutation, tungsten replacement and HEK expression limitations: Shows nitrite-reducing capacity; its share of NO production in normal people and response to mineral intake are not established. exposure: Reduced enzyme, nitrite, NADH/CYB5/CYB5R; pH 7.5 versus 6.5 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/24500710.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e4c2ab41c945d420266290d0241752039d7de2cb6223f9c64c7d0525c5688d9b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1585, "text_sha256": "e4c2ab41c945d420266290d0241752039d7de2cb6223f9c64c7d0525c5688d9b"} [mo-p24500710] Nitrite reductase and nitric-oxide synthase activity of the mitochondrial molybdopterin enzymes mARC1 and mARC2. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24500710/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555177
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Memantine protected against symptom manifestation in a tungstate-induced MoCD mouse model.

    Memantine → Neurological outcome in molybdenum cofactor deficiency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/29106383.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "34a677525363617e386b99e8ada3d049bc6147617c92764ca09caf1cae8efa1c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1472, "text_sha256": "34a677525363617e386b99e8ada3d049bc6147617c92764ca09caf1cae8efa1c"}
    experimental_model
    Primary murine neurons, chemical reaction assays and tungstate-induced MoCD mice
    exposure
    SSC/sulfite exposure; receptor/calcium/calpain inhibition
    limitations
    Mechanistic model evidence. Mouse drug rescue does not establish human treatment efficacy; sulfite also has SSC-independent toxicity.
    nutrient_topic
    Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
    organism
    Mus musculus neurons and mice; chemical reaction assays
    plain_language
    An NMDA blocker helped in this induced mouse model.
    primary_references
    [mo-p29106383] S-sulfocysteine/NMDA receptor-dependent signaling underlies neurodegeneration in molybdenum cofactor deficiency. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29106383/ DOI: 10.1172/jci89885
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Neuronal receptors, intracellular calcium and inhibitory synapses
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1353–1364

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Primary murine neurons, chemical reaction assays and tungstate-induced MoCD mice · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mo-memantine-mouse Memantine protected against symptom manifestation in a tungstate-induced MoCD mouse model. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: An NMDA blocker helped in this induced mouse model. organism: Mus musculus neurons and mice; chemical reaction assays tissue_or_cell_type: Neuronal receptors, intracellular calcium and inhibitory synapses experimental_model: Primary murine neurons, chemical reaction assays and tungstate-induced MoCD mice limitations: Mechanistic model evidence. Mouse drug rescue does not establish human treatment efficacy; sulfite also has SSC-independent toxicity. exposure: SSC/sulfite exposure; receptor/calcium/calpain inhibition evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/29106383.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "34a677525363617e386b99e8ada3d049bc6147617c92764ca09caf1cae8efa1c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1472, "text_sha256": "34a677525363617e386b99e8ada3d049bc6147617c92764ca09caf1cae8efa1c"} [mo-p29106383] S-sulfocysteine/NMDA receptor-dependent signaling underlies neurodegeneration in molybdenum cofactor deficiency. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29106383/ DOI: 10.1172/jci89885
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards