Component
Hydroxylation of THC to 11-OH-THC
Hydroxylation of THC to 11-OH-THC. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Evidence emerged that cannabidiol partially inhibits the CYP2C-catalysed hydroxylation of THC to 11-OH-THC, with the probability particularly high for oral intake, but the effect was small compared with the variability caused by other factors, and significantly higher exposure and shorter time to peak were found in women than men.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/thc-research/16306858.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "686c5587340a5590db33367328f93f4be704262c3d92b53f627ff01b154943da", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2129, "text_sha256": "686c5587340a5590db33367328f93f4be704262c3d92b53f627ff01b154943da"}
- experimental_model
- Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover in 24 volunteers
- exposure
- Oral THC 10 mg versus cannabis extract containing 10 mg THC plus 5.4 mg cannabidiol
- limitations
- A human randomised crossover. The authors conclude the cannabidiol effect is small relative to other variability, so a pharmacokinetic explanation for extract-versus-THC differences is improbable at these doses.
- nutrient_topic
- THC research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and THC is recorded separately from the endocannabinoids it imitates. · Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol / THC
- organism
- Human
- plain_language
- Cannabidiol does slow one step of THC breakdown, but not enough to explain much.
- primary_references
- [thc-p16306858] Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study about the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on the pharmacokinetics of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) after oral application of THC verses standardized cannabis extract. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16306858/ DOI: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000177223.19294.5c
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Plasma
THC: the cannabinoid receptors, the endocannabinoid system it occupies, what the drug does, and the dietary fat it is built from (2026-09-21) · lines 556–567
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover in 24 volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### thc-cbd-inhibits-hydroxylation Evidence emerged that cannabidiol partially inhibits the CYP2C-catalysed hydroxylation of THC to 11-OH-THC, with the probability particularly high for oral intake, but the effect was small compared with the variability caused by other factors, and significantly higher exposure and shorter time to peak were found in women than men. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: THC research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and THC is recorded separately from the endocannabinoids it imitates. plain_language: Cannabidiol does slow one step of THC breakdown, but not enough to explain much. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover in 24 volunteers limitations: A human randomised crossover. The authors conclude the cannabidiol effect is small relative to other variability, so a pharmacokinetic explanation for extract-versus-THC differences is improbable at these doses. exposure: Oral THC 10 mg versus cannabis extract containing 10 mg THC plus 5.4 mg cannabidiol evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/thc-research/16306858.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "686c5587340a5590db33367328f93f4be704262c3d92b53f627ff01b154943da", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2129, "text_sha256": "686c5587340a5590db33367328f93f4be704262c3d92b53f627ff01b154943da"} [thc-p16306858] Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study about the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on the pharmacokinetics of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) after oral application of THC verses standardized cannabis extract. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16306858/ DOI: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000177223.19294.5c
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
CYP2C9, CYP3A and CYP2C19 metabolised THC to multiple metabolites, but the metabolism was affected by human liver fatty acid binding protein.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/thc-research/38583809.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "29593807ef463cf784578c2920ed864667e6ef46a0125ac14757a38c6b331bb1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1645, "text_sha256": "29593807ef463cf784578c2920ed864667e6ef46a0125ac14757a38c6b331bb1"}
- experimental_model
- Recombinant enzyme metabolism of THC with and without liver fatty acid binding protein
- exposure
- THC metabolism by CYP2C9, CYP3A and CYP2C19 with FABP1
- limitations
- Adds a binding protein that changes apparent metabolism, which matters because THC is extremely lipophilic. It is a recombinant system.
- nutrient_topic
- THC research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and THC is recorded separately from the endocannabinoids it imitates. · Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol / THC
- organism
- Human enzymes
- plain_language
- Three enzymes share the job, and a fat-carrying protein changes how fast they do it.
- primary_references
- [thc-p38583809] CYP2C9, CYP3A and CYP2C19 metabolize Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol to multiple metabolites but metabolism is affected by human liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1). (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38583809/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116191
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Recombinant system
THC: the cannabinoid receptors, the endocannabinoid system it occupies, what the drug does, and the dietary fat it is built from (2026-09-21) · lines 543–554
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant enzyme metabolism of THC with and without liver fatty acid binding protein · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### thc-multiple-cyps CYP2C9, CYP3A and CYP2C19 metabolised THC to multiple metabolites, but the metabolism was affected by human liver fatty acid binding protein. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: THC research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and THC is recorded separately from the endocannabinoids it imitates. plain_language: Three enzymes share the job, and a fat-carrying protein changes how fast they do it. organism: Human enzymes tissue_or_cell_type: Recombinant system experimental_model: Recombinant enzyme metabolism of THC with and without liver fatty acid binding protein limitations: Adds a binding protein that changes apparent metabolism, which matters because THC is extremely lipophilic. It is a recombinant system. exposure: THC metabolism by CYP2C9, CYP3A and CYP2C19 with FABP1 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/thc-research/38583809.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "29593807ef463cf784578c2920ed864667e6ef46a0125ac14757a38c6b331bb1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1645, "text_sha256": "29593807ef463cf784578c2920ed864667e6ef46a0125ac14757a38c6b331bb1"} [thc-p38583809] CYP2C9, CYP3A and CYP2C19 metabolize Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol to multiple metabolites but metabolism is affected by human liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1). (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38583809/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116191
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.