Component

Skeletal muscle NAD+ content

Skeletal muscle NAD+ content. The model and exposure of each linked claim define its scope.

2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. In 25 postmenopausal women with prediabetes and overweight/obesity, 250 mg/day NMN for ten weeks increased basal PBMC NAD but did not increase measured muscle NAD; muscle NAD-related catabolites increased.

    NMN → Skeletal muscle NAD+ content source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind trial; 13 NMN and 12 placebo; biopsies and metabolomics.
    limitations
    Catabolites suggest turnover but are not isotope-measured flux; total biopsy NAD can miss small subcellular pools.
    nutrient_topic
    NAD+ collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · NAD+
    plain_language
    A blood-cell response did not mean measured muscle NAD rose.
    primary_references
    Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888596/ · DOI 10.1126/science.abe9985
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    NAD+: compartmental supply, consumption and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 332–338

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind trial; 13 NMN and 12 placebo; biopsies and metabolomics. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## nad-plus-nmn-muscle-versus-blood A blood-cell response did not mean measured muscle NAD rose. In 25 postmenopausal women with prediabetes and overweight/obesity, 250 mg/day NMN for ten weeks increased basal PBMC NAD but did not increase measured muscle NAD; muscle NAD-related catabolites increased. Model: Randomized double-blind trial; 13 NMN and 12 placebo; biopsies and metabolomics. Limitations: Catabolites suggest turnover but are not isotope-measured flux; total biopsy NAD can miss small subcellular pools. Evidence access: Primary full text Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888596/ · DOI 10.1126/science.abe9985
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Muscle NAD+ content did not rise after NMN even though PBMC NAD+ and muscle methylated niacin metabolites increased; authors interpreted the latter as consistent with increased turnover.

    NMN → Skeletal muscle NAD+ content source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized (coenzyme); PBMC NAD+ content (separate_compartment_marker); N1-methylnicotinamide (muscle_metabolite)
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-clinical-sources/yoshino2021.txt", "locator": "Primary full report; exact character range, zero-based and end-exclusive", "file_sha256": "e4999dc5b9d3392d8180280727c424044b35249bb24c999c3bc863cd23e6c856", "start_char": 4842, "end_char": 6119, "text_sha256": "bb73c5ac9d2ac503143ede8627aaa6be34763fdd501bf48a32528a332b89016c"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind trial; 25 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with prediabetes completed
    exposure
    NMN 250 mg/day for 10 weeks; 13 NMN and 12 placebo participants
    limitations
    Small selected female cohort. Tissue NAD concentration, NAD turnover and clinical outcomes differ. No lifespan or diabetes-prevention endpoint. Positive muscle findings do not establish whole-body or cross-population benefit.
    nutrient_topic
    Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Niacin (vitamin B3)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    More NAD-related activity did not necessarily mean a larger standing NAD pool in muscle.
    primary_references
    [nia-clin-yoshino2021] Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888596/ DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9985
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Skeletal muscle, PBMCs, liver and adipose insulin sensitivity

    Niacin: NAD metabolism, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1515–1527

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind trial; 25 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with prediabetes completed · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### nia-clin-nmn-muscle-nad Muscle NAD+ content did not rise after NMN even though PBMC NAD+ and muscle methylated niacin metabolites increased; authors interpreted the latter as consistent with increased turnover. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More NAD-related activity did not necessarily mean a larger standing NAD pool in muscle. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle, PBMCs, liver and adipose insulin sensitivity experimental_model: Randomized double-blind trial; 25 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with prediabetes completed limitations: Small selected female cohort. Tissue NAD concentration, NAD turnover and clinical outcomes differ. No lifespan or diabetes-prevention endpoint. Positive muscle findings do not establish whole-body or cross-population benefit. exposure: NMN 250 mg/day for 10 weeks; 13 NMN and 12 placebo participants cross_nutrient: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized (coenzyme); PBMC NAD+ content (separate_compartment_marker); N1-methylnicotinamide (muscle_metabolite) evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-clinical-sources/yoshino2021.txt", "locator": "Primary full report; exact character range, zero-based and end-exclusive", "file_sha256": "e4999dc5b9d3392d8180280727c424044b35249bb24c999c3bc863cd23e6c856", "start_char": 4842, "end_char": 6119, "text_sha256": "bb73c5ac9d2ac503143ede8627aaa6be34763fdd501bf48a32528a332b89016c"} [nia-clin-yoshino2021] Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888596/ DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9985
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards