Component
RRR-gamma-tocopherol
Natural 2R,4′R,8′R gamma-tocopherol; experimentally specified stereoisomer, distinct from unspecified gamma-tocopherol.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
RRR-gamma-tocopherol at 1 µM increased recombinant human PKC alpha activity with 15–30 µg/mL phosphatidylserine and calcium; it did not increase the low activity in the absence of phosphatidylserine.
Experimental context and source evidence
- cross_nutrient
- true
- experimental_model
- Recombinant HIS-tagged human PKC alpha biochemical assay
- exposure
- 1 µM gamma-tocopherol; 2 mM CaCl2; 15–30 µg/mL phosphatidylserine; 5 min pretreatment, 30 min kinase assay.
- limitations
- Small biochemical activation is not equivalent to uniformly increased inflammation in people; oxidative activation shows a different response.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- Natural gamma-tocopherol increased this kinase’s activity only when the required lipid cofactor was present.
- primary_references
- [mccary2012] Vitamin E isoforms directly bind PKCα and differentially regulate activation of PKCα. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21933153/ DOI: 10.1042/bj20111318
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cell-free enzyme
Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 946–957
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant HIS-tagged human PKC alpha biochemical assay · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### e-sig-gamma-pkc-cofactor RRR-gamma-tocopherol at 1 µM increased recombinant human PKC alpha activity with 15–30 µg/mL phosphatidylserine and calcium; it did not increase the low activity in the absence of phosphatidylserine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Natural gamma-tocopherol increased this kinase’s activity only when the required lipid cofactor was present. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free enzyme experimental_model: Recombinant HIS-tagged human PKC alpha biochemical assay limitations: Small biochemical activation is not equivalent to uniformly increased inflammation in people; oxidative activation shows a different response. exposure: 1 µM gamma-tocopherol; 2 mM CaCl2; 15–30 µg/mL phosphatidylserine; 5 min pretreatment, 30 min kinase assay. cross_nutrient: true [mccary2012] Vitamin E isoforms directly bind PKCα and differentially regulate activation of PKCα. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21933153/ DOI: 10.1042/bj20111318
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
RRR-alpha-tocopherol at 0.01 µM inhibited peroxide/iron-induced activation of recombinant PKC alpha; gamma-tocopherol required 0.1 µM for significant inhibition in the same assay.
Experimental context and source evidence
- cross_nutrient
- true
- experimental_model
- Recombinant HIS-tagged human PKC alpha biochemical assay with iron and peroxide
- exposure
- 15 ng dialyzed PKC alpha; 45 µM FeCl2; 1 or 10 mM H2O2 activation for 2 min, stopped with 9 mM DTT; no PS or calcium cofactors.
- limitations
- Millimolar peroxide in a cell-free reaction is not normal intracellular exposure. This is distinct from cofactor-dependent gamma activation.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- Both natural tocopherols reduced oxidative activation of this kinase, with alpha active at a lower tested concentration.
- primary_references
- [mccary2012] Vitamin E isoforms directly bind PKCα and differentially regulate activation of PKCα. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21933153/ DOI: 10.1042/bj20111318
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cell-free enzyme
Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 959–970
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant HIS-tagged human PKC alpha biochemical assay with iron and peroxide · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### e-sig-alpha-pkc-oxidative RRR-alpha-tocopherol at 0.01 µM inhibited peroxide/iron-induced activation of recombinant PKC alpha; gamma-tocopherol required 0.1 µM for significant inhibition in the same assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Both natural tocopherols reduced oxidative activation of this kinase, with alpha active at a lower tested concentration. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free enzyme experimental_model: Recombinant HIS-tagged human PKC alpha biochemical assay with iron and peroxide limitations: Millimolar peroxide in a cell-free reaction is not normal intracellular exposure. This is distinct from cofactor-dependent gamma activation. exposure: 15 ng dialyzed PKC alpha; 45 µM FeCl2; 1 or 10 mM H2O2 activation for 2 min, stopped with 9 mM DTT; no PS or calcium cofactors. cross_nutrient: true [mccary2012] Vitamin E isoforms directly bind PKCα and differentially regulate activation of PKCα. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21933153/ DOI: 10.1042/bj20111318
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.