Component
Rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
DIM reduced intracellular accumulation of the MDR1 substrate rhodamine 123 in the transport experiment.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/dim-research/25542144.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "426f3b5a572a469ad9a9d03c6fd7919eacd55c3995b510fdefffac551a09b16d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1440, "text_sha256": "426f3b5a572a469ad9a9d03c6fd7919eacd55c3995b510fdefffac551a09b16d"}
- experimental_model
- Promoter reporters, expression, knockdown and transport assays
- exposure
- DIM exposure with PXR inhibition or knockdown controls
- limitations
- Cell-model induction, not a quantified human interaction. Older liver-slice assays showed little CYP3A4 response under their conditions.
- nutrient_topic
- Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · 3,3'-Diindolylmethane / DIM
- organism
- Human hepatocytes and intestinal cell models
- plain_language
- A tracer supported increased efflux; it did not measure every drug.
- primary_references
- [dim-p25542144] Diindolylmethane, a naturally occurring compound, induces CYP3A4 and MDR1 gene expression by activating human PXR. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25542144/ DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.015
- tissue_or_cell_type
- PXR-regulated CYP3A4 and ABCB1
Diindolylmethane (DIM): formation, receptor signaling, metabolism and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 532–543
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Promoter reporters, expression, knockdown and transport assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### dim-abcb1-efflux DIM reduced intracellular accumulation of the MDR1 substrate rhodamine 123 in the transport experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A tracer supported increased efflux; it did not measure every drug. organism: Human hepatocytes and intestinal cell models tissue_or_cell_type: PXR-regulated CYP3A4 and ABCB1 experimental_model: Promoter reporters, expression, knockdown and transport assays limitations: Cell-model induction, not a quantified human interaction. Older liver-slice assays showed little CYP3A4 response under their conditions. exposure: DIM exposure with PXR inhibition or knockdown controls evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dim-research/25542144.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "426f3b5a572a469ad9a9d03c6fd7919eacd55c3995b510fdefffac551a09b16d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1440, "text_sha256": "426f3b5a572a469ad9a9d03c6fd7919eacd55c3995b510fdefffac551a09b16d"} [dim-p25542144] Diindolylmethane, a naturally occurring compound, induces CYP3A4 and MDR1 gene expression by activating human PXR. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25542144/ DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.015
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Tartrazine did not inhibit human P-glycoprotein-mediated rhodamine-123 efflux in the cell assay.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Tartrazine 0.1-1000 micromolar, rhodamine-123 5 micromolar; GF120918 positive control
- duration
- 1 h at 37 C
- evidence_access
- Primary full-text methods/results and metadata.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; source-specific experimental curation
- experimental_model
- LLC-MDR1-WT cells expressing recombinant human ABCB1
- limitations
- Human transporter in a heterologous cell system. Negative P-gp inhibition is not inconsistent with a BCRP effect in a different assay.
- nutrient_topic
- Tartrazine food-colorant chapter; nutrient, drug and peptide interactions retain their models and limits. · Tartrazine
- organism
- LLC-MDR1-WT cells expressing recombinant human ABCB1
- plain_language
- Tartrazine did not inhibit human P-glycoprotein-mediated rhodamine-123 efflux in the cell assay.
- primary_references
- Food dyes as P-glycoprotein modulators. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33011351/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111785
- route
- In vitro co-incubation
- tissue
- Rhodamine-123 efflux assay
Tartrazine: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 237–246
Original AI-assisted curation of eighteen primary studies. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · LLC-MDR1-WT cells expressing recombinant human ABCB1 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## tartrazine-pgp-efflux-null Tartrazine did not inhibit human P-glycoprotein-mediated rhodamine-123 efflux in the cell assay. Model/species: LLC-MDR1-WT cells expressing recombinant human ABCB1 Tissue: Rhodamine-123 efflux assay Exposure: Tartrazine 0.1-1000 micromolar, rhodamine-123 5 micromolar; GF120918 positive control Route: In vitro co-incubation Duration: 1 h at 37 C Limits: Human transporter in a heterologous cell system. Negative P-gp inhibition is not inconsistent with a BCRP effect in a different assay. Primary reference: Food dyes as P-glycoprotein modulators. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33011351/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111785 Access: Primary full-text methods/results and metadata.
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.