Component
Purpurazoic acid / PPA
Purple oxidation derivative of SCAP, characterized in PMID 37980979; distinct from parent tartrazine and sulfanilic acid.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
Purpurazoic acid reduced HEK293-cell viability with a reported IC50 of 78 micromolar.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- SCAP and PPA concentration series; IC50 values 89 and 78 micromolar respectively
- duration
- Viability exposure duration not specified in accessed abstract
- evidence_access
- Primary PubMed abstract; unrecovered method details explicitly retained.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; source-specific experimental curation
- experimental_model
- Human HEK293 cells exposed to chemically characterized metabolites
- limitations
- These concentrations concern isolated metabolites, not parent tartrazine, and do not establish human dietary toxicity or cancer risk.
- nutrient_topic
- Tartrazine food-colorant chapter; nutrient, drug and peptide interactions retain their models and limits. · Tartrazine
- organism
- Human HEK293 cells exposed to chemically characterized metabolites
- plain_language
- Purpurazoic acid reduced HEK293-cell viability with a reported IC50 of 78 micromolar.
- primary_references
- Preparation, analysis and toxicity characterisation of the redox metabolites of the azo food dye tartrazine. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37980979/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114193
- route
- In vitro metabolite addition
- tissue
- Cell viability assay
Tartrazine: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 127–136
Original AI-assisted curation of eighteen primary studies. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human HEK293 cells exposed to chemically characterized metabolites · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## tartrazine-ppa-viability Purpurazoic acid reduced HEK293-cell viability with a reported IC50 of 78 micromolar. Model/species: Human HEK293 cells exposed to chemically characterized metabolites Tissue: Cell viability assay Exposure: SCAP and PPA concentration series; IC50 values 89 and 78 micromolar respectively Route: In vitro metabolite addition Duration: Viability exposure duration not specified in accessed abstract Limits: These concentrations concern isolated metabolites, not parent tartrazine, and do not establish human dietary toxicity or cancer risk. Primary reference: Preparation, analysis and toxicity characterisation of the redox metabolites of the azo food dye tartrazine. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37980979/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114193 Access: Primary PubMed abstract; unrecovered method details explicitly retained.
Complete structured claim and evidence
What acts on it
SCAP oxidation on exposure to air produced the characterized purple derivative purpurazoic acid.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Tartrazine/isolated metabolites; preparative concentrations not recovered from primary abstract
- duration
- Reaction intervals not recovered from accessed abstract
- evidence_access
- Primary PubMed abstract; unrecovered method details explicitly retained.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; source-specific experimental curation
- experimental_model
- Human-stool bacterial isolates and analytical chemistry of tartrazine products
- limitations
- SCAP and PPA identities were experimentally characterized. The additional yellow derivative remains proposed and is not imported as an established metabolite. Human circulating exposure was not measured.
- nutrient_topic
- Tartrazine food-colorant chapter; nutrient, drug and peptide interactions retain their models and limits. · Tartrazine
- organism
- Human-stool bacterial isolates and analytical chemistry of tartrazine products
- plain_language
- SCAP oxidation on exposure to air produced the characterized purple derivative purpurazoic acid.
- primary_references
- Preparation, analysis and toxicity characterisation of the redox metabolites of the azo food dye tartrazine. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37980979/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114193
- route
- In vitro biotransformation and chemical characterization
- tissue
- Azo reduction followed by oxidation on exposure to air
Tartrazine: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 105–114
Original AI-assisted curation of eighteen primary studies. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human-stool bacterial isolates and analytical chemistry of tartrazine products · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## tartrazine-ppa-oxidation SCAP oxidation on exposure to air produced the characterized purple derivative purpurazoic acid. Model/species: Human-stool bacterial isolates and analytical chemistry of tartrazine products Tissue: Azo reduction followed by oxidation on exposure to air Exposure: Tartrazine/isolated metabolites; preparative concentrations not recovered from primary abstract Route: In vitro biotransformation and chemical characterization Duration: Reaction intervals not recovered from accessed abstract Limits: SCAP and PPA identities were experimentally characterized. The additional yellow derivative remains proposed and is not imported as an established metabolite. Human circulating exposure was not measured. Primary reference: Preparation, analysis and toxicity characterisation of the redox metabolites of the azo food dye tartrazine. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37980979/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114193 Access: Primary PubMed abstract; unrecovered method details explicitly retained.
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.