Component
Human AMPK gamma-2 / PRKAG2
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Cysteine scarcity promoted CARS association with AMPK gamma-2, whereas cysteine inhibited this association in the reported experiments.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract and indexed primary figure descriptions
- experimental_model
- Human 293T-centered cell and binding experiments; extracellular cystine withdrawal or 0–200 micromolar titration for eight hours.
- limitations
- Medium cystine manipulation changes intracellular cysteine; do not relabel it as a controlled human dietary intake.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Cysteine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Cysteine
- plain_language
- A protein-synthesis enzyme also helped sense the availability of its amino acid.
- primary_references
- CARS senses cysteine deprivation to activate AMPK for cell survival. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34472622/ · DOI 10.15252/embj.2021108028
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
L-Cysteine: sulfur allocation, redox supply and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 132–138
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human 293T-centered cell and binding experiments; extracellular cystine withdrawal or 0–200 micromolar titration for eight hours. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## l-cysteine-cars-sensing A protein-synthesis enzyme also helped sense the availability of its amino acid. Cysteine scarcity promoted CARS association with AMPK gamma-2, whereas cysteine inhibited this association in the reported experiments. Model: Human 293T-centered cell and binding experiments; extracellular cystine withdrawal or 0–200 micromolar titration for eight hours. Limitations: Medium cystine manipulation changes intracellular cysteine; do not relabel it as a controlled human dietary intake. Evidence access: Primary abstract and indexed primary figure descriptions CARS senses cysteine deprivation to activate AMPK for cell survival. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34472622/ · DOI 10.15252/embj.2021108028
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Blocking AMPK activation increased cell death under cysteine-deficient conditions in the tested cultures.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Human-cell nutrient-withdrawal experiments with AMPK-pathway perturbation.
- limitations
- This is an adaptive response under culture deprivation, not evidence that chronic dietary deprivation is beneficial.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Cysteine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Cysteine
- plain_language
- The response to scarcity helped cells survive it.
- primary_references
- CARS senses cysteine deprivation to activate AMPK for cell survival. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34472622/ · DOI 10.15252/embj.2021108028
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
L-Cysteine: sulfur allocation, redox supply and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 148–154
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human-cell nutrient-withdrawal experiments with AMPK-pathway perturbation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## l-cysteine-ampk-adaptation The response to scarcity helped cells survive it. Blocking AMPK activation increased cell death under cysteine-deficient conditions in the tested cultures. Model: Human-cell nutrient-withdrawal experiments with AMPK-pathway perturbation. Limitations: This is an adaptive response under culture deprivation, not evidence that chronic dietary deprivation is beneficial. Evidence access: Primary abstract CARS senses cysteine deprivation to activate AMPK for cell survival. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34472622/ · DOI 10.15252/embj.2021108028
Complete structured claim and evidenceUnder cysteine-deficient conditions, CARS promoted AMPK association with CaMKK2 and CaMKK2-dependent AMPK phosphorylation.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract and indexed primary figure descriptions
- experimental_model
- Human 293T and cancer-cell experimental program.
- limitations
- CaMKK2 identity does not by itself show dietary calcium depletion or calcium-supplement rescue.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Cysteine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Cysteine
- plain_language
- The sensing protein helped bring a kinase and its target together.
- primary_references
- CARS senses cysteine deprivation to activate AMPK for cell survival. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34472622/ · DOI 10.15252/embj.2021108028
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
L-Cysteine: sulfur allocation, redox supply and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 140–146
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human 293T and cancer-cell experimental program. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## l-cysteine-cars-camkk2-bridge The sensing protein helped bring a kinase and its target together. Under cysteine-deficient conditions, CARS promoted AMPK association with CaMKK2 and CaMKK2-dependent AMPK phosphorylation. Model: Human 293T and cancer-cell experimental program. Limitations: CaMKK2 identity does not by itself show dietary calcium depletion or calcium-supplement rescue. Evidence access: Primary abstract and indexed primary figure descriptions CARS senses cysteine deprivation to activate AMPK for cell survival. · 2021 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34472622/ · DOI 10.15252/embj.2021108028
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.