Component

Protocol-specified postexercise muscle soreness

Protocol-specified postexercise muscle soreness. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. The trial reported approximately 40% lower soreness at 24 and 48 hours with CM.

    Citrulline-malate preparation, composition specified per study → Protocol-specified postexercise muscle soreness source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/20386132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1637, "text_sha256": "a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind crossover exercise trial
    exposure
    8 g citrulline malate before a high-volume pectoral session
    limitations
    CM is not pure L-citrulline; last-set relative change is not a whole-workout gain; perceived soreness is subjective.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 41 men
    plain_language
    Participants reported less soreness after this protocol.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p20386132] Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20386132/ DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cb28e0
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Bench-press repetitions and self-reported soreness

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1126–1137

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind crossover exercise trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-soreness-decreased The trial reported approximately 40% lower soreness at 24 and 48 hours with CM. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Participants reported less soreness after this protocol. organism: Human, 41 men tissue_or_cell_type: Bench-press repetitions and self-reported soreness experimental_model: Randomized double-blind crossover exercise trial limitations: CM is not pure L-citrulline; last-set relative change is not a whole-workout gain; perceived soreness is subjective. exposure: 8 g citrulline malate before a high-volume pectoral session evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/20386132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1637, "text_sha256": "a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847"} [citrulline-p20386132] Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20386132/ DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cb28e0
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Total soreness over 72 hours was higher after CM than placebo, P=0.01, without a greater workload.

    Citrulline-malate preparation, composition specified per study → Protocol-specified postexercise muscle soreness source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/30097067.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1678, "text_sha256": "8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis
    exposure
    8 g CM with measured citrulline:malate ratio 1.11:1
    limitations
    Exercise, participant mix and product composition differed from the 2010 study; the cause of discrepant soreness is unproven.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human recreationally active men and women
    plain_language
    This study reported more soreness, the opposite of the earlier soreness result.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p30097067] Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30097067/ DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0245-8
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Isokinetic German Volume Training and 72-hour soreness

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1165–1176

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-soreness-increased Total soreness over 72 hours was higher after CM than placebo, P=0.01, without a greater workload. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This study reported more soreness, the opposite of the earlier soreness result. organism: Human recreationally active men and women tissue_or_cell_type: Isokinetic German Volume Training and 72-hour soreness experimental_model: Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis limitations: Exercise, participant mix and product composition differed from the 2010 study; the cause of discrepant soreness is unproven. exposure: 8 g CM with measured citrulline:malate ratio 1.11:1 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/30097067.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1678, "text_sha256": "8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2"} [citrulline-p30097067] Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30097067/ DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0245-8
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Pooled analysis of nine randomised controlled trials found cold water immersion slightly better than passive recovery for muscle soreness immediately and at delayed time points, with water temperature between 10 and 15 degrees C and immersion time between 10 and 15 minutes giving the best results.

    Cold water immersion → Protocol-specified postexercise muscle soreness source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/26581833.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "11e1ee0c7217e7570812ce9fe4c742d8a089a555700ecb9df3b378fe73acd968", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1958, "text_sha256": "11e1ee0c7217e7570812ce9fe4c742d8a089a555700ecb9df3b378fe73acd968"}
    experimental_model
    Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine randomised controlled trials against passive recovery
    exposure
    Cold water immersion at varied temperatures and durations after exercise
    limitations
    A meta-analysis of a small number of trials, recorded as a review. The dose-response is derived from subgroup comparison, not from a trial that varied dose directly.
    nutrient_topic
    Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    It helps soreness a little, and the best window is about ten to fifteen minutes at ten to fifteen degrees.
    primary_references
    [cold-p26581833] Can Water Temperature and Immersion Time Influence the Effect of Cold Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26581833/ DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0431-7
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Skeletal muscle

    Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 793–804

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine randomised controlled trials against passive recovery · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### cold-soreness-meta-analysis Pooled analysis of nine randomised controlled trials found cold water immersion slightly better than passive recovery for muscle soreness immediately and at delayed time points, with water temperature between 10 and 15 degrees C and immersion time between 10 and 15 minutes giving the best results. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: It helps soreness a little, and the best window is about ten to fifteen minutes at ten to fifteen degrees. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle experimental_model: Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine randomised controlled trials against passive recovery limitations: A meta-analysis of a small number of trials, recorded as a review. The dose-response is derived from subgroup comparison, not from a trial that varied dose directly. exposure: Cold water immersion at varied temperatures and durations after exercise evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/26581833.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "11e1ee0c7217e7570812ce9fe4c742d8a089a555700ecb9df3b378fe73acd968", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1958, "text_sha256": "11e1ee0c7217e7570812ce9fe4c742d8a089a555700ecb9df3b378fe73acd968"} [cold-p26581833] Can Water Temperature and Immersion Time Influence the Effect of Cold Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26581833/ DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0431-7
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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