{"id":"e6ed15d4-44b0-541a-8ef4-75c0e79e61ae","stable_key":"a9828b14-fbd7-57bf-9e01-0d52d1b42a1f:citrulline-soreness-increased","predicate":"increased","statement":"Total soreness over 72 hours was higher after CM than placebo, P=0.01, without a greater workload.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"c0f72f8f-067f-5ff6-9846-dd8954417172","mechanism_event_label":"This study reported more soreness, the opposite of the earlier soreness result.","subject":{"id":"5f3869ce-da8c-5e29-97df-128b48c27731","slug":"citrulline-malate","display_name":"Citrulline-malate preparation, composition specified per study","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"4aade360-0a04-5597-a759-a1a236d825ca","slug":"postexercise-muscle-soreness","display_name":"Protocol-specified postexercise muscle soreness","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"c0f72f8f-067f-5ff6-9846-dd8954417172","stable_key":"a9828b14-fbd7-57bf-9e01-0d52d1b42a1f:citrulline-soreness-increased-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"This study reported more soreness, the opposite of the earlier soreness result.","description":"Total soreness over 72 hours was higher after CM than placebo, P=0.01, without a greater workload.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f53c7bfb-3b91-56fe-bebd-28623cfe13a0","slug":"citrulline","display_name":"L-Citrulline","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"measured_preparation_component","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a04ee5fe-ef31-5ee9-b4d1-8535bd5f9476","slug":"malate","display_name":"L-Malate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"measured_preparation_component","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5f3869ce-da8c-5e29-97df-128b48c27731","slug":"citrulline-malate","display_name":"Citrulline-malate preparation, composition specified per study","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4aade360-0a04-5597-a759-a1a236d825ca","slug":"postexercise-muscle-soreness","display_name":"Protocol-specified postexercise muscle soreness","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/citrulline-research/30097067.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1678, \"text_sha256\": \"8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"8 g CM with measured citrulline:malate ratio 1.11:1","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Exercise, participant mix and product composition differed from the 2010 study; the cause of discrepant soreness is unproven.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"citrulline","display_name":"L-Citrulline","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human recreationally active men and women","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"This study reported more soreness, the opposite of the earlier soreness result.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[citrulline-p30097067] Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30097067/ DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0245-8","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Isokinetic German Volume Training and 72-hour soreness","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"74bd17bd-60cb-5a36-81b1-43bf77b6c2f2","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1165-1176","start_line":1165,"end_line":1176,"excerpt":"### citrulline-soreness-increased\nTotal soreness over 72 hours was higher after CM than placebo, P=0.01, without a greater workload.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: This study reported more soreness, the opposite of the earlier soreness result.\norganism: Human recreationally active men and women\ntissue_or_cell_type: Isokinetic German Volume Training and 72-hour soreness\nexperimental_model: Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis\nlimitations: Exercise, participant mix and product composition differed from the 2010 study; the cause of discrepant soreness is unproven.\nexposure: 8 g CM with measured citrulline:malate ratio 1.11:1\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/citrulline-research/30097067.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1678, \"text_sha256\": \"8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2\"}\n[citrulline-p30097067] Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30097067/ DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0245-8","model_system":"Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [citrulline-p30097067] Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30097067/ DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0245-8","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"112fd375-aa2a-59d2-8afd-6b2849bb79ee","stable_key":"import-a9828b14-fbd7-57bf-9e01-0d52d1b42a1f","title":"Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"3720442dbabc28cacefd2145c7c97bfb937df26dca8527fde219ecd3735ed558","revision_id":"41ac8493-b004-59d7-99b3-8a3ca7163d3a","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[{"id":"328bfa89-0008-58d5-8d9e-924b6676f568","title":"Citrulline malate and soreness: lower in one trial, higher in another","kind":"contradiction","status":"open","why":"The primary trials reported opposite directions for postexercise soreness. They used different exercise protocols, participants, observation windows and supplement characterization. The later trial measured a 1.11:1 citrulline-to-malate ratio. These differences are candidate explanations, not demonstrated causes of the reversal; the performance null by itself is not the conflict.","resolution":"Keep both soreness findings with their exact trial conditions. Do not promise less soreness, treat all CM products as equivalent, or extend the disagreement to every use of pure L-citrulline. A matched-formulation replication would help distinguish explanations.","created_at":"2026-09-17 23:46:27","record_type":"conflict","display_label":"Recorded conflict","record_url":"/conflicts/328bfa89-0008-58d5-8d9e-924b6676f568","sides":[{"conflict_id":"328bfa89-0008-58d5-8d9e-924b6676f568","ordinal":0,"label":"Participants reported less soreness after this protocol.","revision_id":"41ac8493-b004-59d7-99b3-8a3ca7163d3a","start_line":1126,"end_line":1137,"quote":"### citrulline-soreness-decreased\nThe trial reported approximately 40% lower soreness at 24 and 48 hours with CM.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Participants reported less soreness after this protocol.\norganism: Human, 41 men\ntissue_or_cell_type: Bench-press repetitions and self-reported soreness\nexperimental_model: Randomized double-blind crossover exercise trial\nlimitations: CM is not pure L-citrulline; last-set relative change is not a whole-workout gain; perceived soreness is subjective.\nexposure: 8 g citrulline malate before a high-volume pectoral session\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/citrulline-research/20386132.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1637, \"text_sha256\": \"a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847\"}\n[citrulline-p20386132] Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20386132/ DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cb28e0","source_key":"import-a9828b14-fbd7-57bf-9e01-0d52d1b42a1f","source_title":"Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17)","claim_ids":["8a295f31-95df-55f2-8a63-4dd9255fae51"]},{"conflict_id":"328bfa89-0008-58d5-8d9e-924b6676f568","ordinal":1,"label":"This study reported more soreness, the opposite of the earlier soreness result.","revision_id":"41ac8493-b004-59d7-99b3-8a3ca7163d3a","start_line":1165,"end_line":1176,"quote":"### citrulline-soreness-increased\nTotal soreness over 72 hours was higher after CM than placebo, P=0.01, without a greater workload.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: This study reported more soreness, the opposite of the earlier soreness result.\norganism: Human recreationally active men and women\ntissue_or_cell_type: Isokinetic German Volume Training and 72-hour soreness\nexperimental_model: Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis\nlimitations: Exercise, participant mix and product composition differed from the 2010 study; the cause of discrepant soreness is unproven.\nexposure: 8 g CM with measured citrulline:malate ratio 1.11:1\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/citrulline-research/30097067.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1678, \"text_sha256\": \"8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2\"}\n[citrulline-p30097067] Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. 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