Component
Plasma free fatty acid concentration
Plasma free fatty acid concentration. The model and exposure of each linked claim define its scope.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Arrb1-null mice had less nicotinic-acid-induced flushing while retaining a serum free-fatty-acid response similar to wild-type mice.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- Nicotinic acid (administered_agonist); Plasma free fatty acid concentration (preserved_separate_endpoint)
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-clinical-sources/walters2009.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed primary abstract", "file_sha256": "2eb822534ed0c8ea9f71ec67288c302e4e375ed9e86cfe70b28f21ae65ffbd4b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1537, "text_sha256": "2eb822534ed0c8ea9f71ec67288c302e4e375ed9e86cfe70b28f21ae65ffbd4b"}
- experimental_model
- Human cell-line receptor signaling and separate Arrb1-null mouse physiology
- exposure
- Nicotinic-acid stimulation and beta-arrestin perturbation
- limitations
- Pharmacological receptor signaling, not an essential effect of every B3 precursor. Cell signaling and mouse physiology are distinct arms. Reduced fatty acids or flushing does not establish cardiovascular benefit.
- nutrient_topic
- Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Niacin (vitamin B3)
- organism
- Mus musculus
- plain_language
- The flushing and fatty-acid responses could be separated in mice; one is not a reliable measure of the other.
- primary_references
- [nia-clin-walters2009] beta-Arrestin1 mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing, but not its antilipolytic effect, in mice. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19349687/ DOI: 10.1172/jci36806
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Engineered cells; mouse skin and serum
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Niacin: NAD metabolism, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1319–1331
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human cell-line receptor signaling and separate Arrb1-null mouse physiology · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### nia-clin-arrb1-mouse-flush Arrb1-null mice had less nicotinic-acid-induced flushing while retaining a serum free-fatty-acid response similar to wild-type mice. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The flushing and fatty-acid responses could be separated in mice; one is not a reliable measure of the other. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Engineered cells; mouse skin and serum experimental_model: Human cell-line receptor signaling and separate Arrb1-null mouse physiology limitations: Pharmacological receptor signaling, not an essential effect of every B3 precursor. Cell signaling and mouse physiology are distinct arms. Reduced fatty acids or flushing does not establish cardiovascular benefit. exposure: Nicotinic-acid stimulation and beta-arrestin perturbation cross_nutrient: Nicotinic acid (administered_agonist); Plasma free fatty acid concentration (preserved_separate_endpoint) evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-clinical-sources/walters2009.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed primary abstract", "file_sha256": "2eb822534ed0c8ea9f71ec67288c302e4e375ed9e86cfe70b28f21ae65ffbd4b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1537, "text_sha256": "2eb822534ed0c8ea9f71ec67288c302e4e375ed9e86cfe70b28f21ae65ffbd4b"} [nia-clin-walters2009] beta-Arrestin1 mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing, but not its antilipolytic effect, in mice. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19349687/ DOI: 10.1172/jci36806
Complete structured claim and evidenceCold exposure activated oxidative metabolism in brown adipose tissue but not in adjoining skeletal muscle or subcutaneous adipose tissue, with substantial non-esterified fatty acid and glucose uptake, and this was associated with an increase in total energy expenditure.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/22269323.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "74713401a7fdc40f7921b595ecc554999d10e2406589f231fc68bf0ae460812f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1306, "text_sha256": "74713401a7fdc40f7921b595ecc554999d10e2406589f231fc68bf0ae460812f"}
- experimental_model
- Six healthy men studied with 11C-acetate, 18FDG and a fatty acid tracer under controlled cold
- exposure
- Controlled cold exposure with quantified oxidative metabolism and substrate turnover
- limitations
- The acetate tracer measures oxidative metabolism rather than glucose uptake alone, which is what makes the thermogenic claim interpretable. Six subjects is a small sample.
- nutrient_topic
- Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
- organism
- Human
- plain_language
- The tissue really does burn fuel in the cold, and its neighbours do not.
- primary_references
- [cold-p22269323] Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22269323/ DOI: 10.1172/jci60433
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat
Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 273–284
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Six healthy men studied with 11C-acetate, 18FDG and a fatty acid tracer under controlled cold · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### cold-bat-oxidative-activation Cold exposure activated oxidative metabolism in brown adipose tissue but not in adjoining skeletal muscle or subcutaneous adipose tissue, with substantial non-esterified fatty acid and glucose uptake, and this was associated with an increase in total energy expenditure. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: The tissue really does burn fuel in the cold, and its neighbours do not. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat experimental_model: Six healthy men studied with 11C-acetate, 18FDG and a fatty acid tracer under controlled cold limitations: The acetate tracer measures oxidative metabolism rather than glucose uptake alone, which is what makes the thermogenic claim interpretable. Six subjects is a small sample. exposure: Controlled cold exposure with quantified oxidative metabolism and substrate turnover evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/22269323.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "74713401a7fdc40f7921b595ecc554999d10e2406589f231fc68bf0ae460812f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1306, "text_sha256": "74713401a7fdc40f7921b595ecc554999d10e2406589f231fc68bf0ae460812f"} [cold-p22269323] Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22269323/ DOI: 10.1172/jci60433
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.