{"id":"0850dee7-6adb-5453-8ea0-081dcab52ec6","stable_key":"b3c3f45a-50fb-5b79-98d7-5e5228df00db:cold-bat-oxidative-activation","predicate":"increases","statement":"Cold exposure activated oxidative metabolism in brown adipose tissue but not in adjoining skeletal muscle or subcutaneous adipose tissue, with substantial non-esterified fatty acid and glucose uptake, and this was associated with an increase in total energy expenditure.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"cedfee0b-c306-5e4d-9063-fc1cfc32a7f9","mechanism_event_label":"The tissue really does burn fuel in the cold, and its neighbours do not.","subject":{"id":"5112507e-5510-574b-9b0a-231816fc28b3","slug":"brown-adipose-tissue","display_name":"Brown adipose tissue","entity_type_key":"cell_type"},"object":{"id":"2c86dbab-dc28-5eb5-80f1-62757171d308","slug":"bat-oxidative-metabolism","display_name":"Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"cedfee0b-c306-5e4d-9063-fc1cfc32a7f9","stable_key":"b3c3f45a-50fb-5b79-98d7-5e5228df00db:cold-bat-oxidative-activation-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"The tissue really does burn fuel in the cold, and its neighbours do not.","description":"Cold exposure activated oxidative metabolism in brown adipose tissue but not in adjoining skeletal muscle or subcutaneous adipose tissue, with substantial non-esterified fatty acid and glucose uptake, and this was associated with an increase in total energy expenditure.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"6c3f7d92-4d74-54b3-a0c4-eef8d4c4e56a","slug":"energy-expenditure","display_name":"Whole-body energy expenditure","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"downstream_measure","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"31fe0ea6-e21e-5ad1-bfc6-29e024067c22","slug":"plasma-free-fatty-acid-concentration","display_name":"Plasma free fatty acid concentration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"substrate_source","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5112507e-5510-574b-9b0a-231816fc28b3","slug":"brown-adipose-tissue","display_name":"Brown adipose tissue","entity_type_key":"cell_type"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"2c86dbab-dc28-5eb5-80f1-62757171d308","slug":"bat-oxidative-metabolism","display_name":"Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/cold-research/22269323.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"74713401a7fdc40f7921b595ecc554999d10e2406589f231fc68bf0ae460812f\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1306, \"text_sha256\": \"74713401a7fdc40f7921b595ecc554999d10e2406589f231fc68bf0ae460812f\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Six healthy men studied with 11C-acetate, 18FDG and a fatty acid tracer under controlled cold","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Controlled cold exposure with quantified oxidative metabolism and substrate turnover","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The acetate tracer measures oxidative metabolism rather than glucose uptake alone, which is what makes the thermogenic claim interpretable. 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(2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22269323/ DOI: 10.1172/jci60433","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"118eab58-60a7-517d-9edf-bf026906785c","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 273-284","start_line":273,"end_line":284,"excerpt":"### cold-bat-oxidative-activation\nCold exposure activated oxidative metabolism in brown adipose tissue but not in adjoining skeletal muscle or subcutaneous adipose tissue, with substantial non-esterified fatty acid and glucose uptake, and this was associated with an increase in total energy expenditure.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake.\nplain_language: The tissue really does burn fuel in the cold, and its neighbours do not.\norganism: Human\ntissue_or_cell_type: Brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat\nexperimental_model: Six healthy men studied with 11C-acetate, 18FDG and a fatty acid tracer under controlled cold\nlimitations: The acetate tracer measures oxidative metabolism rather than glucose uptake alone, which is what makes the thermogenic claim interpretable. Six subjects is a small sample.\nexposure: Controlled cold exposure with quantified oxidative metabolism and substrate turnover\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/cold-research/22269323.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"74713401a7fdc40f7921b595ecc554999d10e2406589f231fc68bf0ae460812f\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1306, \"text_sha256\": \"74713401a7fdc40f7921b595ecc554999d10e2406589f231fc68bf0ae460812f\"}\n[cold-p22269323] Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22269323/ DOI: 10.1172/jci60433","model_system":"Six healthy men studied with 11C-acetate, 18FDG and a fatty acid tracer under controlled cold","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. 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