Component

Pectic homogalacturonan / HG

Pectic homogalacturonan / HG. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. F. duncaniae A2-165 grew better in co-cultures supplied with HG-rich pectins.

    Pectic homogalacturonan / HG → Faecalibacterium duncaniae A2-165 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/40439696.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "40b7f781968c7c518a5e367801c9d2b71aee4cf5c57d04bc51178e57c4bc8bf8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1667, "text_sha256": "40b7f781968c7c518a5e367801c9d2b71aee4cf5c57d04bc51178e57c4bc8bf8"}
    experimental_model
    23 human gut bacterial isolates and synthetic co-cultures
    exposure
    Pectins from different plant sources
    limitations
    Growth and inferred cross-feeding do not measure clinical benefit; strain competition depends on culture and substrate.
    nutrient_topic
    Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pectin, structurally heterogeneous plant polysaccharides
    organism
    Specified bacterial strains isolated from humans
    plain_language
    The backbone composition affected which cross-feeder benefited.
    primary_references
    [pectin-p40439696] Roles of human colonic bacteria in pectin utilization and associated cross-feeding networks revealed using synthetic co-cultures. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40439696/ DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001559
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Anaerobic culture

    Pectin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 984–995

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 23 human gut bacterial isolates and synthetic co-cultures · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### pectin-faecali-crossfeeding F. duncaniae A2-165 grew better in co-cultures supplied with HG-rich pectins. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The backbone composition affected which cross-feeder benefited. organism: Specified bacterial strains isolated from humans tissue_or_cell_type: Anaerobic culture experimental_model: 23 human gut bacterial isolates and synthetic co-cultures limitations: Growth and inferred cross-feeding do not measure clinical benefit; strain competition depends on culture and substrate. exposure: Pectins from different plant sources evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/40439696.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "40b7f781968c7c518a5e367801c9d2b71aee4cf5c57d04bc51178e57c4bc8bf8", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1667, "text_sha256": "40b7f781968c7c518a5e367801c9d2b71aee4cf5c57d04bc51178e57c4bc8bf8"} [pectin-p40439696] Roles of human colonic bacteria in pectin utilization and associated cross-feeding networks revealed using synthetic co-cultures. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40439696/ DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001559
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. Surface BT4116 cleaves HG; deleting it prevented growth on HG in the tested strain.

    Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron BT4116, surface HG lyase → Pectic homogalacturonan / HG source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/29255254.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "514f1ffe2924a1c555e3ecea968fb7260d0f55aa1b22c057697dbc59676c5796", "start_char": 3594, "end_char": 6987, "text_sha256": "73cf8a91e0bec8b92fd78e4630a68e5b8f3e0fe9202fad389959e3de9259167c"}
    experimental_model
    Purified enzymes, structural biology and targeted bacterial deletions
    exposure
    Defined pectic substrates; growth media and recombinant-enzyme assays
    limitations
    Bacterial machinery, not human digestive enzymes. Gene dependence is substrate- and strain-specific; no clinical microbiome threshold follows.
    nutrient_topic
    Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pectin, structurally heterogeneous plant polysaccharides
    organism
    Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
    plain_language
    A bacterial enzyme starts cutting the relatively simple pectin backbone.
    primary_references
    [pectin-p29255254] Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29255254/ DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell surface and periplasm

    Pectin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 74–85

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified enzymes, structural biology and targeted bacterial deletions · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### pectin-hg-surface Surface BT4116 cleaves HG; deleting it prevented growth on HG in the tested strain. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A bacterial enzyme starts cutting the relatively simple pectin backbone. organism: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron tissue_or_cell_type: Cell surface and periplasm experimental_model: Purified enzymes, structural biology and targeted bacterial deletions limitations: Bacterial machinery, not human digestive enzymes. Gene dependence is substrate- and strain-specific; no clinical microbiome threshold follows. exposure: Defined pectic substrates; growth media and recombinant-enzyme assays evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/29255254.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "514f1ffe2924a1c555e3ecea968fb7260d0f55aa1b22c057697dbc59676c5796", "start_char": 3594, "end_char": 6987, "text_sha256": "73cf8a91e0bec8b92fd78e4630a68e5b8f3e0fe9202fad389959e3de9259167c"} [pectin-p29255254] Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29255254/ DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Deleting the SusC-like BT4114 transporter eliminated growth on HG; the second encoded pair did not substitute under these conditions.

    Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron BT4114, SusC-like transporter → B. thetaiotaomicron growth on homogalacturonan source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/29255254.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "514f1ffe2924a1c555e3ecea968fb7260d0f55aa1b22c057697dbc59676c5796", "start_char": 7053, "end_char": 7399, "text_sha256": "03145c9dea85bdf29ccff3c64d34d372f954dece7f37b89d00c7e20929843622"}
    experimental_model
    Purified enzymes, structural biology and targeted bacterial deletions
    exposure
    Defined pectic substrates; growth media and recombinant-enzyme assays
    limitations
    Bacterial machinery, not human digestive enzymes. Gene dependence is substrate- and strain-specific; no clinical microbiome threshold follows.
    nutrient_topic
    Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pectin, structurally heterogeneous plant polysaccharides
    organism
    Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
    plain_language
    Cutting pectin is not enough: the bacterium must import the fragments.
    primary_references
    [pectin-p29255254] Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29255254/ DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell surface and periplasm

    Pectin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 139–150

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified enzymes, structural biology and targeted bacterial deletions · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### pectin-hg-import Deleting the SusC-like BT4114 transporter eliminated growth on HG; the second encoded pair did not substitute under these conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Cutting pectin is not enough: the bacterium must import the fragments. organism: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron tissue_or_cell_type: Cell surface and periplasm experimental_model: Purified enzymes, structural biology and targeted bacterial deletions limitations: Bacterial machinery, not human digestive enzymes. Gene dependence is substrate- and strain-specific; no clinical microbiome threshold follows. exposure: Defined pectic substrates; growth media and recombinant-enzyme assays evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/29255254.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "514f1ffe2924a1c555e3ecea968fb7260d0f55aa1b22c057697dbc59676c5796", "start_char": 7053, "end_char": 7399, "text_sha256": "03145c9dea85bdf29ccff3c64d34d372f954dece7f37b89d00c7e20929843622"} [pectin-p29255254] Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29255254/ DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Deleting bt-bt4116 prevented growth on its corresponding pectic substrate in the tested bacterial strain.

    Experimental B. thetaiotaomicron BT4116 deletion → B. thetaiotaomicron growth on homogalacturonan source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/29255254.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "514f1ffe2924a1c555e3ecea968fb7260d0f55aa1b22c057697dbc59676c5796", "start_char": 3594, "end_char": 6987, "text_sha256": "73cf8a91e0bec8b92fd78e4630a68e5b8f3e0fe9202fad389959e3de9259167c"}
    experimental_model
    Purified enzymes, structural biology and targeted bacterial deletions
    exposure
    Defined pectic substrates; growth media and recombinant-enzyme assays
    limitations
    Bacterial machinery, not human digestive enzymes. Gene dependence is substrate- and strain-specific; no clinical microbiome threshold follows.
    nutrient_topic
    Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pectin, structurally heterogeneous plant polysaccharides
    organism
    Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
    plain_language
    Removing the opening enzyme blocks use of this food source by this bacterium.
    primary_references
    [pectin-p29255254] Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29255254/ DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cell surface and periplasm
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Pectin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 269–280

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified enzymes, structural biology and targeted bacterial deletions · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### pectin-hg-loss Deleting bt-bt4116 prevented growth on its corresponding pectic substrate in the tested bacterial strain. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Removing the opening enzyme blocks use of this food source by this bacterium. organism: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron tissue_or_cell_type: Cell surface and periplasm experimental_model: Purified enzymes, structural biology and targeted bacterial deletions limitations: Bacterial machinery, not human digestive enzymes. Gene dependence is substrate- and strain-specific; no clinical microbiome threshold follows. exposure: Defined pectic substrates; growth media and recombinant-enzyme assays evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/29255254.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "514f1ffe2924a1c555e3ecea968fb7260d0f55aa1b22c057697dbc59676c5796", "start_char": 3594, "end_char": 6987, "text_sha256": "73cf8a91e0bec8b92fd78e4630a68e5b8f3e0fe9202fad389959e3de9259167c"} [pectin-p29255254] Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29255254/ DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0079-1
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards