Component

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide

NaAD; deamidated NAD precursor, distinct from NAD+. NAAD, the deamidated dinucleotide; distinct from NAD+.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Purified recombinant human NMNAT2 has adenylyltransferase activity toward nicotinic acid mononucleotide, supporting NaAD formation.

    Human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 / NMNAT2 → Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-precursors-sources/nmnat2002.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed primary abstract", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 826, "file_sha256": "5064cc6a7b31875eeaea8def5544c3cce75a971f73aa74f332d89e06c3c54477", "text_sha256": "5064cc6a7b31875eeaea8def5544c3cce75a971f73aa74f332d89e06c3c54477"}
    experimental_model
    Cloned, expressed and purified recombinant human NMNAT2
    exposure
    Biochemical or structural assay; no dietary intervention
    limitations
    Purified-enzyme evidence does not establish dietary intake requirements or clinical outcomes.
    nutrient_topic
    Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Niacin (vitamin B3)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The same human isozyme processes either the amidated or deamidated mononucleotide.
    primary_references
    [b3-pre-nmnat2002] Identification of a novel human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12359228/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02285-4
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified recombinant protein; no intact tissue

    Niacin: NAD metabolism, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 315–326

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cloned, expressed and purified recombinant human NMNAT2 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b3-pre-nmnat2-namn Purified recombinant human NMNAT2 has adenylyltransferase activity toward nicotinic acid mononucleotide, supporting NaAD formation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The same human isozyme processes either the amidated or deamidated mononucleotide. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Purified recombinant protein; no intact tissue experimental_model: Cloned, expressed and purified recombinant human NMNAT2 limitations: Purified-enzyme evidence does not establish dietary intake requirements or clinical outcomes. exposure: Biochemical or structural assay; no dietary intervention evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-precursors-sources/nmnat2002.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed primary abstract", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 826, "file_sha256": "5064cc6a7b31875eeaea8def5544c3cce75a971f73aa74f332d89e06c3c54477", "text_sha256": "5064cc6a7b31875eeaea8def5544c3cce75a971f73aa74f332d89e06c3c54477"} [b3-pre-nmnat2002] Identification of a novel human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12359228/ DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02285-4
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The recombinant human NADK study did not detect phosphorylation of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD).

    NADK → Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-redox-sources/nadk-human-2001.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract, substrate specificity", "start_char": 734, "end_char": 1005, "file_sha256": "98ea2e14dad1649e591f0c6420828328f84a7fe9e083e24b7379d6b680f11958", "text_sha256": "e61bb4892b61f0ed3a4b2eda8bc0131424a7854f7bd670fbd1544936b99c4d88"}
    experimental_model
    Recombinant human NADK
    exposure
    NAAD compared with NAD
    limitations
    Scoped experimental observation; no dietary niacin or magnesium deficiency threshold or treatment benefit was tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Niacin (vitamin B3)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Changing the nicotinamide group changes which nucleotide the kinase can use.
    primary_references
    [nadk-human-2001] Structural and functional characterization of human NAD kinase. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11594753/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5735
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified enzyme

    Niacin: NAD metabolism, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 858–869

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human NADK · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b3-redox-nadk-naad-negative The recombinant human NADK study did not detect phosphorylation of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Changing the nicotinamide group changes which nucleotide the kinase can use. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme experimental_model: Recombinant human NADK limitations: Scoped experimental observation; no dietary niacin or magnesium deficiency threshold or treatment benefit was tested. exposure: NAAD compared with NAD evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-redox-sources/nadk-human-2001.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract, substrate specificity", "start_char": 734, "end_char": 1005, "file_sha256": "98ea2e14dad1649e591f0c6420828328f84a7fe9e083e24b7379d6b680f11958", "text_sha256": "e61bb4892b61f0ed3a4b2eda8bc0131424a7854f7bd670fbd1544936b99c4d88"} [nadk-human-2001] Structural and functional characterization of human NAD kinase. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11594753/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5735
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Purified human NADSYN1 catalyzed ATP-dependent NAD+ production from nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide in glutamine-supported assays.

    Human glutamine-dependent NAD synthetase / NADSYN1 → NAD+ source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Glutamine supplies nitrogen for the final amidation of the nicotinic-acid/de novo NAD pathway.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-precursors-sources/nadsyn2019.paragraphs.txt", "locator": "Normalized full-text paragraphs 8–8 (0-based)", "start_char": 7090, "end_char": 8684, "file_sha256": "36ad82ce734c8e0c44d01c7dc813b1641708738319b53a926e429155b1a602f4", "text_sha256": "90cb4d2ce3001f2ecf18f1d751db36047726b71a75be94b073474f6f518c96cd"}
    experimental_model
    Recombinant human NADSYN1 steady-state kinetic assays and crystallography; bacterial comparison kept separate
    exposure
    Biochemical or structural assay; no dietary intervention
    limitations
    Purified-enzyme evidence does not establish dietary intake requirements or clinical outcomes.
    nutrient_topic
    Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Niacin (vitamin B3)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The deamidated route finishes by making NAD+ through NADSYN1.
    primary_references
    [b3-pre-nadsyn2019] Different ways to transport ammonia in human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD+ synthetases. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31911602/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13845-4
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified recombinant protein; no intact tissue

    Niacin: NAD metabolism, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 328–340

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human NADSYN1 steady-state kinetic assays and crystallography; bacterial comparison kept separate · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b3-pre-nadsyn-amidation Purified human NADSYN1 catalyzed ATP-dependent NAD+ production from nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide in glutamine-supported assays. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The deamidated route finishes by making NAD+ through NADSYN1. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Purified recombinant protein; no intact tissue experimental_model: Recombinant human NADSYN1 steady-state kinetic assays and crystallography; bacterial comparison kept separate limitations: Purified-enzyme evidence does not establish dietary intake requirements or clinical outcomes. exposure: Biochemical or structural assay; no dietary intervention cross_nutrient: Glutamine supplies nitrogen for the final amidation of the nicotinic-acid/de novo NAD pathway. evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-precursors-sources/nadsyn2019.paragraphs.txt", "locator": "Normalized full-text paragraphs 8–8 (0-based)", "start_char": 7090, "end_char": 8684, "file_sha256": "36ad82ce734c8e0c44d01c7dc813b1641708738319b53a926e429155b1a602f4", "text_sha256": "90cb4d2ce3001f2ecf18f1d751db36047726b71a75be94b073474f6f518c96cd"} [b3-pre-nadsyn2019] Different ways to transport ammonia in human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD+ synthetases. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31911602/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13845-4
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Human NADSYN1 glutaminase activity was measured as glutamate production; NaAD plus ATP/Mg2+ increased that activity 31-fold over glutamine alone in the reported assay.

    Human glutamine-dependent NAD synthetase / NADSYN1 → L-Glutamate source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Glutamine nitrogen handling and magnesium-containing ATP chemistry couple in a niacin precursor enzyme.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-precursors-sources/nadsyn2019.paragraphs.txt", "locator": "Normalized full-text paragraphs 10–10 (0-based)", "start_char": 8754, "end_char": 10450, "file_sha256": "36ad82ce734c8e0c44d01c7dc813b1641708738319b53a926e429155b1a602f4", "text_sha256": "32dd95b3bef542cb15f227e9dd3de1ed68b6b9c8f6cda41d34daf7b6fe387ce7"}
    experimental_model
    Recombinant human NADSYN1 steady-state kinetic assays and crystallography; bacterial comparison kept separate
    exposure
    Biochemical or structural assay; no dietary intervention
    limitations
    Purified-enzyme evidence does not establish dietary intake requirements or clinical outcomes.
    nutrient_topic
    Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Niacin (vitamin B3)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The two enzyme activities communicate while NAD is assembled.
    primary_references
    [b3-pre-nadsyn2019] Different ways to transport ammonia in human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD+ synthetases. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31911602/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13845-4
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified recombinant protein; no intact tissue

    Niacin: NAD metabolism, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 342–354

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human NADSYN1 steady-state kinetic assays and crystallography; bacterial comparison kept separate · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b3-pre-nadsyn-glutaminase Human NADSYN1 glutaminase activity was measured as glutamate production; NaAD plus ATP/Mg2+ increased that activity 31-fold over glutamine alone in the reported assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Niacin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The two enzyme activities communicate while NAD is assembled. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Purified recombinant protein; no intact tissue experimental_model: Recombinant human NADSYN1 steady-state kinetic assays and crystallography; bacterial comparison kept separate limitations: Purified-enzyme evidence does not establish dietary intake requirements or clinical outcomes. exposure: Biochemical or structural assay; no dietary intervention cross_nutrient: Glutamine nitrogen handling and magnesium-containing ATP chemistry couple in a niacin precursor enzyme. evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/niacin-precursors-sources/nadsyn2019.paragraphs.txt", "locator": "Normalized full-text paragraphs 10–10 (0-based)", "start_char": 8754, "end_char": 10450, "file_sha256": "36ad82ce734c8e0c44d01c7dc813b1641708738319b53a926e429155b1a602f4", "text_sha256": "32dd95b3bef542cb15f227e9dd3de1ed68b6b9c8f6cda41d34daf7b6fe387ce7"} [b3-pre-nadsyn2019] Different ways to transport ammonia in human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD+ synthetases. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31911602/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13845-4
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards