Component
Mouse dendritic/T-cell costimulation during anti-CTLA-4 treatment
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Butyrate restrained anti-CTLA-4-induced dendritic-cell CD80/CD86 and T-cell ICOS upregulation, with fewer tumor-specific and memory T cells in mice.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Mouse immunophenotyping during anti-CTLA-4 therapy.
- limitations
- Reduced signals in this setting are not a universal description of all T-cell responses.
- nutrient_topic
- Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Butyrate
- plain_language
- The proposed interaction involved how immune cells activate one another.
- primary_references
- Systemic short chain fatty acids limit antitumor effect of CTLA-4 blockade in hosts with cancer. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358520/ · DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-16079-x
Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 662–668
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse immunophenotyping during anti-CTLA-4 therapy. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## butyrate-ctla4-costimulation The proposed interaction involved how immune cells activate one another. Butyrate restrained anti-CTLA-4-induced dendritic-cell CD80/CD86 and T-cell ICOS upregulation, with fewer tumor-specific and memory T cells in mice. Model: Mouse immunophenotyping during anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Limitations: Reduced signals in this setting are not a universal description of all T-cell responses. Evidence access: Primary abstract Systemic short chain fatty acids limit antitumor effect of CTLA-4 blockade in hosts with cancer. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358520/ · DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-16079-x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Butyrate exposure limited anti-CTLA-4 antitumor activity in the mouse experiments.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Tumor-bearing mice receiving butyrate and checkpoint blockade.
- limitations
- Mouse exposure and tumor context do not directly define a human drug–supplement effect.
- nutrient_topic
- Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Butyrate
- plain_language
- An intervention supported a treatment interaction in a preclinical model.
- primary_references
- Systemic short chain fatty acids limit antitumor effect of CTLA-4 blockade in hosts with cancer. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358520/ · DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-16079-x
Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 654–660
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Tumor-bearing mice receiving butyrate and checkpoint blockade. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## butyrate-ctla4-mouse An intervention supported a treatment interaction in a preclinical model. Butyrate exposure limited anti-CTLA-4 antitumor activity in the mouse experiments. Model: Tumor-bearing mice receiving butyrate and checkpoint blockade. Limitations: Mouse exposure and tumor context do not directly define a human drug–supplement effect. Evidence access: Primary abstract Systemic short chain fatty acids limit antitumor effect of CTLA-4 blockade in hosts with cancer. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358520/ · DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-16079-x
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.