Component
Mouse adenosine A2A receptor / Adora2a
Study-scoped entity; inspect species, exposure, model and limitations on each claim.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
Caffeine at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg increased wakefulness in wild-type and A1-knockout mice, but not A2A-knockout mice.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Receptor-knockout mouse comparison.
- limitations
- Species and endpoint specific; this does not contradict human A1 binding or exclude other A1 functions.
- nutrient_topic
- Caffeine collection; salts, coffee, species and coexposure contexts retain their identities. · Caffeine
- plain_language
- Removing A2A receptors removed the wakefulness response in mice.
- primary_references
- Adenosine A2A, but not A1, receptors mediate the arousal effect of caffeine. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15965471/ · DOI 10.1038/nn1491
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Caffeine: receptors, metabolism, nutrient interactions, adaptation and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 36–42
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Receptor-knockout mouse comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## caf-a2a-wake Removing A2A receptors removed the wakefulness response in mice. Caffeine at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg increased wakefulness in wild-type and A1-knockout mice, but not A2A-knockout mice. Model: Receptor-knockout mouse comparison. Limitations: Species and endpoint specific; this does not contradict human A1 binding or exclude other A1 functions. Evidence access: Primary abstract Adenosine A2A, but not A1, receptors mediate the arousal effect of caffeine. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15965471/ · DOI 10.1038/nn1491
Complete structured claim and evidenceInjected caffeine increased locomotion only in mice expressing A2A receptors; ingestion also produced an A2A-dependent increase in males.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Awake receptor-knockout mice; telemetry and respirometry.
- limitations
- Sex and route mattered; locomotion is not a direct measure of human focus.
- nutrient_topic
- Caffeine collection; salts, coffee, species and coexposure contexts retain their identities. · Caffeine
- plain_language
- The activity response depended on this receptor in the mouse experiment.
- primary_references
- Physiological roles of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors in regulating heart rate, body temperature, and locomotion as revealed using knockout mice and caffeine. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19218506/ · DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00754.2008
Caffeine: receptors, metabolism, nutrient interactions, adaptation and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 44–50
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Awake receptor-knockout mice; telemetry and respirometry. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## caf-locomotion The activity response depended on this receptor in the mouse experiment. Injected caffeine increased locomotion only in mice expressing A2A receptors; ingestion also produced an A2A-dependent increase in males. Model: Awake receptor-knockout mice; telemetry and respirometry. Limitations: Sex and route mattered; locomotion is not a direct measure of human focus. Evidence access: Primary abstract Physiological roles of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors in regulating heart rate, body temperature, and locomotion as revealed using knockout mice and caffeine. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19218506/ · DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00754.2008
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Caffeine ingestion increased oxygen consumption in wild-type mice, with smaller responses in receptor-knockout groups.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- A1, A2A and double-knockout mouse comparison.
- limitations
- Not evidence of durable weight loss in humans.
- nutrient_topic
- Caffeine collection; salts, coffee, species and coexposure contexts retain their identities. · Caffeine
- plain_language
- Receptor status changed the animal metabolic response.
- primary_references
- Physiological roles of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors in regulating heart rate, body temperature, and locomotion as revealed using knockout mice and caffeine. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19218506/ · DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00754.2008
Caffeine: receptors, metabolism, nutrient interactions, adaptation and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 52–58
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · A1, A2A and double-knockout mouse comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## caf-oxygen Receptor status changed the animal metabolic response. Caffeine ingestion increased oxygen consumption in wild-type mice, with smaller responses in receptor-knockout groups. Model: A1, A2A and double-knockout mouse comparison. Limitations: Not evidence of durable weight loss in humans. Evidence access: Primary abstract Physiological roles of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors in regulating heart rate, body temperature, and locomotion as revealed using knockout mice and caffeine. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19218506/ · DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00754.2008
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.