Component

Metoprolol

Metoprolol. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Total sleep time increased by about 36 minutes compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients.

    Melatonin → Polysomnographic total sleep time source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks
    limitations
    Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed
    plain_language
    This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Polysomnographic sleep

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 981–992

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-beta-blocker-sleep-duration Total sleep time increased by about 36 minutes compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context. organism: Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed tissue_or_cell_type: Polysomnographic sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically. exposure: 2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"} [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Sleep efficiency increased by about 7.6 percentage points compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients.

    Melatonin → Polysomnographic sleep efficiency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks
    limitations
    Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed
    plain_language
    This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Polysomnographic sleep

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 994–1005

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-beta-blocker-sleep-efficiency Sleep efficiency increased by about 7.6 percentage points compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context. organism: Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed tissue_or_cell_type: Polysomnographic sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically. exposure: 2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"} [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Stage 2 sleep increased by about 41 minutes compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients.

    Melatonin → Polysomnographic stage 2 sleep duration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks
    limitations
    Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed
    plain_language
    This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Polysomnographic sleep

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1007–1018

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-beta-blocker-sleep-stage2 Stage 2 sleep increased by about 41 minutes compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context. organism: Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed tissue_or_cell_type: Polysomnographic sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically. exposure: 2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"} [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards