Component

Human myeloperoxidase compound II

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Betanin reduced MPO compound II to the native ferric enzyme.

    Betanin → Human myeloperoxidase compound II source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Micromolar substrates; concentration-dependent chlorination assays
    duration
    Rapid kinetic measurements at 25 degrees C; pH 7.0 and pH 5.0
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry
    limitations
    MPO substrates can stimulate or inhibit chlorination depending on conditions; not a universal MPO inhibitor. Negative direction denotes consumption of compound II; this step can restore chlorination activity.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry
    plain_language
    Betanin reduced MPO compound II to the native ferric enzyme.
    primary_references
    Mechanism of interaction of betanin and indicaxanthin with human myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15913556/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.031
    route
    In vitro reagent addition
    tissue
    MPO redox cycle and HOCl solution

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 117–125

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-betanin-mpo-ii Betanin reduced MPO compound II to the native ferric enzyme. Model/species: Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry Tissue: MPO redox cycle and HOCl solution Exposure: Micromolar substrates; concentration-dependent chlorination assays Route: In vitro reagent addition Duration: Rapid kinetic measurements at 25 degrees C; pH 7.0 and pH 5.0 Limits: MPO substrates can stimulate or inhibit chlorination depending on conditions; not a universal MPO inhibitor. Negative direction denotes consumption of compound II; this step can restore chlorination activity. Primary reference: Mechanism of interaction of betanin and indicaxanthin with human myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15913556/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.031
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Indicaxanthin reduced MPO compound II to the native ferric enzyme.

    Indicaxanthin → Human myeloperoxidase compound II source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Micromolar substrates; concentration-dependent chlorination assays
    duration
    Rapid kinetic measurements at 25 degrees C; pH 7.0 and pH 5.0
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry
    limitations
    MPO substrates can stimulate or inhibit chlorination depending on conditions; not a universal MPO inhibitor. Negative direction denotes consumption of compound II; this step can restore chlorination activity.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry
    plain_language
    Indicaxanthin reduced MPO compound II to the native ferric enzyme.
    primary_references
    Mechanism of interaction of betanin and indicaxanthin with human myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15913556/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.031
    route
    In vitro reagent addition
    tissue
    MPO redox cycle and HOCl solution

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 157–165

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-indicaxanthin-mpo-ii Indicaxanthin reduced MPO compound II to the native ferric enzyme. Model/species: Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry Tissue: MPO redox cycle and HOCl solution Exposure: Micromolar substrates; concentration-dependent chlorination assays Route: In vitro reagent addition Duration: Rapid kinetic measurements at 25 degrees C; pH 7.0 and pH 5.0 Limits: MPO substrates can stimulate or inhibit chlorination depending on conditions; not a universal MPO inhibitor. Negative direction denotes consumption of compound II; this step can restore chlorination activity. Primary reference: Mechanism of interaction of betanin and indicaxanthin with human myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15913556/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.031
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Betanin donated one electron to MPO compound I, producing compound II.

    Betanin → Human myeloperoxidase compound I source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Micromolar substrates; concentration-dependent chlorination assays
    duration
    Rapid kinetic measurements at 25 degrees C; pH 7.0 and pH 5.0
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry
    limitations
    MPO substrates can stimulate or inhibit chlorination depending on conditions; not a universal MPO inhibitor. Negative direction denotes consumption of compound I, not overall inhibition of MPO.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry
    plain_language
    Betanin donated one electron to MPO compound I, producing compound II.
    primary_references
    Mechanism of interaction of betanin and indicaxanthin with human myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15913556/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.031
    route
    In vitro reagent addition
    tissue
    MPO redox cycle and HOCl solution

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 107–115

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-betanin-mpo-i Betanin donated one electron to MPO compound I, producing compound II. Model/species: Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry Tissue: MPO redox cycle and HOCl solution Exposure: Micromolar substrates; concentration-dependent chlorination assays Route: In vitro reagent addition Duration: Rapid kinetic measurements at 25 degrees C; pH 7.0 and pH 5.0 Limits: MPO substrates can stimulate or inhibit chlorination depending on conditions; not a universal MPO inhibitor. Negative direction denotes consumption of compound I, not overall inhibition of MPO. Primary reference: Mechanism of interaction of betanin and indicaxanthin with human myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15913556/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.031
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Indicaxanthin donated one electron to MPO compound I, producing compound II.

    Indicaxanthin → Human myeloperoxidase compound I source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Micromolar substrates; concentration-dependent chlorination assays
    duration
    Rapid kinetic measurements at 25 degrees C; pH 7.0 and pH 5.0
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry
    limitations
    MPO substrates can stimulate or inhibit chlorination depending on conditions; not a universal MPO inhibitor. Negative direction denotes consumption of compound I, not overall inhibition of MPO.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry
    plain_language
    Indicaxanthin donated one electron to MPO compound I, producing compound II.
    primary_references
    Mechanism of interaction of betanin and indicaxanthin with human myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15913556/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.031
    route
    In vitro reagent addition
    tissue
    MPO redox cycle and HOCl solution

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 147–155

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-indicaxanthin-mpo-i Indicaxanthin donated one electron to MPO compound I, producing compound II. Model/species: Purified human myeloperoxidase; cell-free chemistry Tissue: MPO redox cycle and HOCl solution Exposure: Micromolar substrates; concentration-dependent chlorination assays Route: In vitro reagent addition Duration: Rapid kinetic measurements at 25 degrees C; pH 7.0 and pH 5.0 Limits: MPO substrates can stimulate or inhibit chlorination depending on conditions; not a universal MPO inhibitor. Negative direction denotes consumption of compound I, not overall inhibition of MPO. Primary reference: Mechanism of interaction of betanin and indicaxanthin with human myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15913556/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.031
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards