Component
Human CYP2C9/CYP2C19/CYP3A4 assay panel
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Tested luteolin conjugates had no or weak inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Human CYP assays.
- limitations
- Restricted enzyme panel; not a blanket absence of interactions.
- nutrient_topic
- Luteolin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Luteolin / 3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone
- plain_language
- The parent’s effects cannot simply be assigned to every metabolite.
- primary_references
- Interaction of luteolin, naringenin, and their sulfate and glucuronide conjugates with human serum albumin, cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4) enzymes and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP1B1 and OATP2B1) transporters. · 2023 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36481402/ · DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114078
Luteolin: metabolism, immune signaling, redox chemistry and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 244–250
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human CYP assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## luteolin-conjugate-cyp The parent’s effects cannot simply be assigned to every metabolite. Tested luteolin conjugates had no or weak inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Model: Human CYP assays. Limitations: Restricted enzyme panel; not a blanket absence of interactions. Evidence access: Primary abstract Interaction of luteolin, naringenin, and their sulfate and glucuronide conjugates with human serum albumin, cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4) enzymes and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP1B1 and OATP2B1) transporters. · 2023 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36481402/ · DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114078
Complete structured claim and evidenceNaringenin sulfate and glucuronide conjugates showed no or only weak inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in the tested assays.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Naringenin conjugate concentration series
- duration
- Acute enzyme incubation
- evidence_access
- Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
- experimental_model
- Human CYP enzyme assays
- limitations
- This is a useful negative/weak result for the tested enzymes, not a complete drug-interaction screen.
- nutrient_topic
- Naringenin chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings. · Naringenin
- organism
- Human CYP enzyme assays
- plain_language
- Naringenin sulfate and glucuronide conjugates showed no or only weak inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in the tested assays.
- primary_references
- Interaction of luteolin, naringenin, and their sulfate and glucuronide conjugates with human serum albumin, cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4) enzymes and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP1B1 and OATP2B1) transporters. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36481402/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114078
- route
- In vitro
- tissue
- CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activity
Naringenin: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 77–86
Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human CYP enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## naringenin-cyp-weak-null Naringenin sulfate and glucuronide conjugates showed no or only weak inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 in the tested assays. Model/species: Human CYP enzyme assays Tissue/system: CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activity Exposure: Naringenin conjugate concentration series Route: In vitro Duration: Acute enzyme incubation Limits: This is a useful negative/weak result for the tested enzymes, not a complete drug-interaction screen. Primary reference: Interaction of luteolin, naringenin, and their sulfate and glucuronide conjugates with human serum albumin, cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4) enzymes and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP1B1 and OATP2B1) transporters. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36481402/ DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114078 Access: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.