Component
Barrier function in butyrate-exposed human epithelial monolayers
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
AMPK siRNA or compound C removed the barrier protection from SCFA pretreatment, including 2 mM butyrate, against ethanol in Caco-2 cells.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Human Caco-2 cells; 40 mM ethanol challenge and AMPK perturbation.
- limitations
- Not evidence that butyrate makes alcohol exposure safe; AMPK subunit identity is not inferred from the accessed abstract.
- nutrient_topic
- Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Butyrate
- plain_language
- Reducing the signaling machinery removed the protective response.
- primary_references
- Short-chain fatty acids activate AMP-activated protein kinase and ameliorate ethanol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cell monolayers. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24132573/ · DOI 10.3945/jn.113.179549
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 294–300
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human Caco-2 cells; 40 mM ethanol challenge and AMPK perturbation. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## butyrate-ampk-knockdown Reducing the signaling machinery removed the protective response. AMPK siRNA or compound C removed the barrier protection from SCFA pretreatment, including 2 mM butyrate, against ethanol in Caco-2 cells. Model: Human Caco-2 cells; 40 mM ethanol challenge and AMPK perturbation. Limitations: Not evidence that butyrate makes alcohol exposure safe; AMPK subunit identity is not inferred from the accessed abstract. Evidence access: Primary abstract Short-chain fatty acids activate AMP-activated protein kinase and ameliorate ethanol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cell monolayers. · 2013 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24132573/ · DOI 10.3945/jn.113.179549
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.