Component
Human armodafinil plasma exposure
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Armodafinil had higher dose-normalized late exposure than racemic modafinil despite similar approximately 13-hour terminal half-lives in the pooled single-dose studies.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary indexed abstract checked; full methods and figures not comprehensively reviewed.
- experimental_contrast
- {"intervention": "Armodafinil", "comparator": "Dose-normalized racemic modafinil", "endpoint": "Armodafinil had higher dose-normalized late exposure than racemic modafinil despite similar approximately 13-hour terminal half-lives in the pooled single-dose studies.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "single", "conditions": []} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.
- experimental_model
- Three pooled human single-dose pharmacokinetic studies.
- interpretation_status
- Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.
- limitations
- Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.
- plain_language
- Armodafinil had higher dose-normalized late exposure than racemic modafinil despite similar approximately 13-hour terminal half-lives in the pooled single-dose studies.
- primary_references
- Armodafinil and modafinil have substantially different pharmacokinetic profiles despite having the same terminal half-lives: analysis of data from three randomized, single-dose, pharmacokinetic studies. | 2009 | DOI 10.2165/11315280-000000000-00000 | PMID 19663523 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19663523/
- source_locator
- Reviewed reference lines 19-19; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.
Modafinil: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 3 October 2026) · lines 19–19
Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication. · supports · Three pooled human single-dose pharmacokinetic studies. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source
S-modafinil disappears more rapidly from plasma. A pooled analysis of three single-dose studies found similar terminal half-lives, approximately 13 hours, for racemic modafinil and armodafinil, but higher dose-normalized late exposure with armodafinil. The racemate's early decline reflected removal of its faster-cleared S component. A single terminal half-life therefore conceals meaningful differences in the exposure curve. These data do not establish universal clinical superiority of either formulation. [Comparative human pharmacokinetics](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19663523/)
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.