Component

GLUT4 recruitment to human adipocyte plasma membrane

GLUT4 recruitment to human adipocyte plasma membrane. Interpret through the linked experimental species, preparation, compartment and exposure; no universal causal effect is implied.

2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. In human omental adipocytes, 50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.

    Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside → GLUT4 recruitment to human adipocyte plasma membrane source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Full text retrieved; relevant methods/results/figure text reviewed. No independent raw-data verification.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside", "comparator": "Untreated/vehicle-matched adipocytes in the corresponding assay", "endpoint": "In human omental adipocytes, 50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "single", "conditions": []} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.
    experimental_model
    Human omental adipocytes, 18-hour exposure; parallel mouse experiments are separate.
    interpretation_status
    Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.
    limitations
    High systemic-exposure model; roughly hundreds-fold above selected free-serum peaks. Does not establish dietary insulin replacement.
    plain_language
    In human omental adipocytes, 50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.
    primary_references
    Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside and protocatechuic acid exert insulin-like effects by upregulating PPARγ activity in human omental adipocytes. | 2011 | DOI 10.2337/db10-1461 | PMID 21788573 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788573/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3161313/ | https://doi.org/10.2337/db10-1461
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference lines 70-70; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.

    Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026) · lines 70–70

    Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication. · supports · Human omental adipocytes, 18-hour exposure; parallel mouse experiments are separate. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    **Adipocyte glucose uptake involves PPARγ in one high-exposure model.** Human omental adipocytes exposed to 50 µM C3G or 100 µM PCA showed increased glucose uptake, GLUT4 recruitment and adiponectin-related responses. The decisive PPARγ silencing and antagonist experiments were performed in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes: disrupting PPARγ prevented polyphenol-associated GLUT4/adiponectin upregulation and GLUT4 recruitment. These mouse perturbations must not be relabeled human knockdowns. The human-cell concentrations are far above the selected free serum peaks in the tracer study; the experiment does not establish an insulin-like dietary effect. [Scazzocchio et al., 2011](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3161313/).
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. In human omental adipocytes, 100 uM protocatechuic-acid increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.

    Protocatechuic acid / 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid → GLUT4 recruitment to human adipocyte plasma membrane source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Full text retrieved; relevant methods/results/figure text reviewed. No independent raw-data verification.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "100 uM protocatechuic-acid", "comparator": "Untreated/vehicle-matched adipocytes in the corresponding assay", "endpoint": "In human omental adipocytes, 100 uM protocatechuic-acid increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "single", "conditions": []} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.
    experimental_model
    Human omental adipocytes, 18-hour exposure; parallel mouse experiments are separate.
    interpretation_status
    Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.
    limitations
    High systemic-exposure model; roughly hundreds-fold above selected free-serum peaks. Does not establish dietary insulin replacement.
    plain_language
    In human omental adipocytes, 100 uM protocatechuic-acid increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.
    primary_references
    Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside and protocatechuic acid exert insulin-like effects by upregulating PPARγ activity in human omental adipocytes. | 2011 | DOI 10.2337/db10-1461 | PMID 21788573 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788573/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3161313/ | https://doi.org/10.2337/db10-1461
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference lines 70-70; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.

    Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026) · lines 70–70

    Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication. · supports · Human omental adipocytes, 18-hour exposure; parallel mouse experiments are separate. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    **Adipocyte glucose uptake involves PPARγ in one high-exposure model.** Human omental adipocytes exposed to 50 µM C3G or 100 µM PCA showed increased glucose uptake, GLUT4 recruitment and adiponectin-related responses. The decisive PPARγ silencing and antagonist experiments were performed in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes: disrupting PPARγ prevented polyphenol-associated GLUT4/adiponectin upregulation and GLUT4 recruitment. These mouse perturbations must not be relabeled human knockdowns. The human-cell concentrations are far above the selected free serum peaks in the tracer study; the experiment does not establish an insulin-like dietary effect. [Scazzocchio et al., 2011](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3161313/).
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.