{"id":"7e238a58-1559-5af9-98c7-32370678e686","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:adipocyte-cyanidin-3-glucoside-human-adipocyte-glut4-translocation","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"In human omental adipocytes, 50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"fd8b8df3-1f58-5fcb-b727-2986331d9748","mechanism_event_label":"In human omental adipocytes, 50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.","subject":{"id":"75149db0-02f7-5d32-8c7a-5c111d90d8ee","slug":"cyanidin-3-glucoside","display_name":"Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"a4cd8f4c-3364-5a72-8243-dc10d182ed38","slug":"human-adipocyte-glut4-translocation","display_name":"GLUT4 recruitment to human adipocyte plasma membrane","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"fd8b8df3-1f58-5fcb-b727-2986331d9748","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:adipocyte-cyanidin-3-glucoside-human-adipocyte-glut4-translocation-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"In human omental adipocytes, 50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.","description":"**Adipocyte glucose uptake involves PPARγ in one high-exposure model.** Human omental adipocytes exposed to 50 µM C3G or 100 µM PCA showed increased glucose uptake, GLUT4 recruitment and adiponectin-related responses. The decisive PPARγ silencing and antagonist experiments were performed in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes: disrupting PPARγ prevented polyphenol-associated GLUT4/adiponectin upregulation and GLUT4 recruitment. These mouse perturbations must not be relabeled human knockdowns. The human-cell concentrations are far above the selected free serum peaks in the tracer study; the experiment does not establish an insulin-like dietary effect. [Scazzocchio et al., 2011](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3161313/).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"75149db0-02f7-5d32-8c7a-5c111d90d8ee","slug":"cyanidin-3-glucoside","display_name":"Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a4cd8f4c-3364-5a72-8243-dc10d182ed38","slug":"human-adipocyte-glut4-translocation","display_name":"GLUT4 recruitment to human adipocyte plasma membrane","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7f456e18-fabc-532d-bbfe-cd3a8cf1b348","slug":"pparg","display_name":"Human PPAR gamma / PPARG","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"tested regulatory factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"0b58e90f-c976-5f65-82e5-8735455b9094","slug":"slc2a4","display_name":"Human glucose transporter 4 / SLC2A4","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"glucose transporter","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8ae7848b-f172-5e09-8acf-5ca914907b0b","slug":"glucose","display_name":"D-glucose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"transported nutrient","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Full text retrieved; relevant methods/results/figure text reviewed. No independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside\", \"comparator\": \"Untreated/vehicle-matched adipocytes in the corresponding assay\", \"endpoint\": \"In human omental adipocytes, 50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human omental adipocytes, 18-hour exposure; parallel mouse experiments are separate.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"High systemic-exposure model; roughly hundreds-fold above selected free-serum peaks. Does not establish dietary insulin replacement.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"In human omental adipocytes, 50 uM cyanidin-3-glucoside increased GLUT4 membrane recruitment in the tested culture model.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside and protocatechuic acid exert insulin-like effects by upregulating PPARγ activity in human omental adipocytes. | 2011 | DOI 10.2337/db10-1461 | PMID 21788573 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788573/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3161313/ | https://doi.org/10.2337/db10-1461","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 70-70; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"0bf228d7-bb29-53a2-82ed-2512171abfd3","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 70-70","start_line":70,"end_line":70,"excerpt":"**Adipocyte glucose uptake involves PPARγ in one high-exposure model.** Human omental adipocytes exposed to 50 µM C3G or 100 µM PCA showed increased glucose uptake, GLUT4 recruitment and adiponectin-related responses. The decisive PPARγ silencing and antagonist experiments were performed in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes: disrupting PPARγ prevented polyphenol-associated GLUT4/adiponectin upregulation and GLUT4 recruitment. These mouse perturbations must not be relabeled human knockdowns. The human-cell concentrations are far above the selected free serum peaks in the tracer study; the experiment does not establish an insulin-like dietary effect. [Scazzocchio et al., 2011](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3161313/).","model_system":"Human omental adipocytes, 18-hour exposure; parallel mouse experiments are separate.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. 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