Component
Hip fracture incidence
Process or measured study endpoint, not a chemical species; outcome definition is retained in claim context.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
D3 assignment did not significantly reduce hip fractures (HR1.01; 95% CI0.70–1.47; P=0.96).
Experimental context and source evidence
- cross_nutrient
- false
- experimental_model
- VITAL ancillary fracture trial; 25, 871 adults; median 5.3 years
- exposure
- D3 2000 IU/day versus placebo; randomized factorial omega 3 allocation; median 5.3 years.
- limitations
- Generally healthy midlife/older adults not selected for deficiency. Does not test treatment of established deficiency rickets or osteomalacia.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin D2 and D3 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin D2 and D3
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- Extra D3 did not reduce this fracture endpoint in the population studied.
- primary_references
- [leboff2022] Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35939577/ DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2202106
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Clinical skeletal outcomes
Vitamin D2 and D3: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1522–1533
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · VITAL ancillary fracture trial; 25, 871 adults; median 5.3 years · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### vd-vital-fracture-hip D3 assignment did not significantly reduce hip fractures (HR1.01; 95% CI0.70–1.47; P=0.96). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin D2 and D3 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Extra D3 did not reduce this fracture endpoint in the population studied. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Clinical skeletal outcomes experimental_model: VITAL ancillary fracture trial; 25, 871 adults; median 5.3 years limitations: Generally healthy midlife/older adults not selected for deficiency. Does not test treatment of established deficiency rickets or osteomalacia. exposure: D3 2000 IU/day versus placebo; randomized factorial omega 3 allocation; median 5.3 years. cross_nutrient: false [leboff2022] Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35939577/ DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2202106
Complete structured claim and evidenceCombined calcium and vitamin D lowered hip-fracture occurrence in the elderly-women trial.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 3270 elderly women; mean age 84; 18-month randomized trial.
- exposure
- 1.2 g elemental calcium as tricalcium phosphate plus 800 IU vitamin D3/day; 43% lower hip-fracture count among completers, with similar direction in intention-to-treat analysis.
- limitations
- Calcium-specific attribution is impossible because vitamin D was coadministered. Completer and intention-to-treat analyses must be distinguished.
- nutrient_topic
- Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Calcium
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- A combined intervention reduced fractures in this older population.
- primary_references
- [cal-clin-chapuy1992] Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women (1992). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1331788/ DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199212033272305
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Human clinical or absorption endpoint
Calcium: mechanism-first literature curation (2026-09-17) · lines 1199–1209
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 3270 elderly women; mean age 84; 18-month randomized trial. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### cal-chapuy-hip-fractures Combined calcium and vitamin D lowered hip-fracture occurrence in the elderly-women trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A combined intervention reduced fractures in this older population. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human clinical or absorption endpoint experimental_model: 3270 elderly women; mean age 84; 18-month randomized trial. limitations: Calcium-specific attribution is impossible because vitamin D was coadministered. Completer and intention-to-treat analyses must be distinguished. exposure: 1.2 g elemental calcium as tricalcium phosphate plus 800 IU vitamin D3/day; 43% lower hip-fracture count among completers, with similar direction in intention-to-treat analysis. [cal-clin-chapuy1992] Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women (1992). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1331788/ DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199212033272305
Complete structured claim and evidenceWHI calcium plus vitamin D did not significantly reduce hip fractures in the intention-to-treat analysis.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- 36,282 postmenopausal women; seven-year mean follow-up.
- exposure
- 1000 mg elemental calcium as carbonate plus 400 IU vitamin D3/day; hip-fracture HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.72-1.08.
- limitations
- Adherence and background supplement use complicate comparison; a nonsignificant result is not proof of zero effect.
- nutrient_topic
- Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Calcium
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- A larger trial did not establish a hip-fracture benefit for its overall assigned-treatment groups.
- primary_references
- [cal-clin-jackson2006] Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16481635/ DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa055218
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Human clinical or absorption endpoint
Calcium: mechanism-first literature curation (2026-09-17) · lines 1211–1221
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · 36,282 postmenopausal women; seven-year mean follow-up. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### cal-whi-hip-fractures WHI calcium plus vitamin D did not significantly reduce hip fractures in the intention-to-treat analysis. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A larger trial did not establish a hip-fracture benefit for its overall assigned-treatment groups. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human clinical or absorption endpoint experimental_model: 36,282 postmenopausal women; seven-year mean follow-up. limitations: Adherence and background supplement use complicate comparison; a nonsignificant result is not proof of zero effect. exposure: 1000 mg elemental calcium as carbonate plus 400 IU vitamin D3/day; hip-fracture HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.72-1.08. [cal-clin-jackson2006] Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16481635/ DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa055218
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.