Component
Heart failure incidence
Heart failure incidence. Read linked claims for the population, experiment and limits.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Vitamin E assignment was associated with more heart failure in HOPE/HOPE-TOO (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.26).
Experimental context and source evidence
- cross_nutrient
- false
- experimental_model
- HOPE/HOPE-TOO randomized trial and extension in vascular disease or diabetes; initial n=9541
- exposure
- Natural-source vitamin E 400 IU/day; median follow-up 7 years; extension included ongoing treatment and passive follow-up.
- limitations
- High-risk population and extension participation limits. Heart failure was a secondary outcome; no specific molecular cause is established by the trial. Natural-source vitamin E is reported; an exact ester identity is not inferred from the abstract.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- Heart failure was more frequent with the tested regimen in this high-risk trial.
- primary_references
- [e-clin-hope2005] Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15769967/ DOI: 10.1001/jama.293.11.1338
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cardiovascular clinical events
Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1388–1399
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · HOPE/HOPE-TOO randomized trial and extension in vascular disease or diabetes; initial n=9541 · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### e-clin-hope-heart-failure Vitamin E assignment was associated with more heart failure in HOPE/HOPE-TOO (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.26). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Heart failure was more frequent with the tested regimen in this high-risk trial. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Cardiovascular clinical events experimental_model: HOPE/HOPE-TOO randomized trial and extension in vascular disease or diabetes; initial n=9541 limitations: High-risk population and extension participation limits. Heart failure was a secondary outcome; no specific molecular cause is established by the trial. Natural-source vitamin E is reported; an exact ester identity is not inferred from the abstract. exposure: Natural-source vitamin E 400 IU/day; median follow-up 7 years; extension included ongoing treatment and passive follow-up. cross_nutrient: false [e-clin-hope2005] Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15769967/ DOI: 10.1001/jama.293.11.1338
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.