Component
Kidney-type glutaminase / GLS
Phosphate-dependent glutaminase; the studies do not resolve all GLS splice isoforms.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Potassium deprivation increased renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase expression in the studied rats.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- Potassium deprivation changes glutamine nitrogen metabolism and sodium-coupled glutamine transport; these experiments did not manipulate dietary protein adequacy.
- endpoint
- Potassium deprivation increased renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase expression in the studied rats.
- experimental-exposure
- Rats on control or potassium-deficient diets for up to 6 days; NH4Cl co-loading and NRK52E/LLC-PK1 cell experiments.
- experimental_model
- Rats on control or potassium-deficient diets for up to 6 days; NH4Cl co-loading and NRK52E/LLC-PK1 cell experiments.
- limitations
- Dietary deprivation precedes detectable hypokalemia here; protein expression does not independently establish transport flux or quantify net bicarbonate generation.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Potassium
- organism
- Rattus norvegicus
- plain_language
- The first glutamine-deaminating enzyme increased; glutamate and ammonium are separate products in this pathway.
- primary_references
- [hossain-2011-k-ammoniagenesis] Cellular and molecular basis of increased ammoniagenesis in potassium deprivation (2011). https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajprenal.00010.2011 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00010.2011
- tissue_or_cell_type
- renal proximal tubule and whole-kidney excretion
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
Potassium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 986–998
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rats on control or potassium-deficient diets for up to 6 days; NH4Cl co-loading and NRK52E/LLC-PK1 cell experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### k-deprivation-gls Potassium deprivation increased renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase expression in the studied rats. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Potassium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The first glutamine-deaminating enzyme increased; glutamate and ammonium are separate products in this pathway. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: renal proximal tubule and whole-kidney excretion experimental_model: Rats on control or potassium-deficient diets for up to 6 days; NH4Cl co-loading and NRK52E/LLC-PK1 cell experiments. limitations: Dietary deprivation precedes detectable hypokalemia here; protein expression does not independently establish transport flux or quantify net bicarbonate generation. cross_nutrient: Potassium deprivation changes glutamine nitrogen metabolism and sodium-coupled glutamine transport; these experiments did not manipulate dietary protein adequacy. experimental-exposure: Rats on control or potassium-deficient diets for up to 6 days; NH4Cl co-loading and NRK52E/LLC-PK1 cell experiments. endpoint: Potassium deprivation increased renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase expression in the studied rats. [hossain-2011-k-ammoniagenesis] Cellular and molecular basis of increased ammoniagenesis in potassium deprivation (2011). https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajprenal.00010.2011 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00010.2011
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Renal mitochondria from potassium-depleted rats produced more ammonia during glutamine-metabolism assays after three days of potassium-free feeding.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- Potassium depletion changes mitochondrial glutamine nitrogen metabolism; enzyme capacity and substrate entry need separate accounting.
- endpoint
- Renal mitochondria from potassium-depleted rats produced more ammonia during glutamine-metabolism assays after three days of potassium-free feeding.
- experimental-exposure
- Rats on potassium-free diet with renal mitochondrial and cortical-tubule ammonia assays during depletion and potassium refeeding.
- experimental_model
- Rats on potassium-free diet with renal mitochondrial and cortical-tubule ammonia assays during depletion and potassium refeeding.
- limitations
- Isolated mitochondrial assay, not whole-body bicarbonate balance. Glutaminase activity rose earlier than ammonia flux; mitochondrial glutamine entry was proposed as a limiting step.
- nutrient_topic
- Potassium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Potassium
- organism
- Rattus norvegicus
- plain_language
- The kidney adaptation included greater ammonia production, beyond changes in enzyme abundance.
- primary_references
- [sastrasinh-1986-mitochondrial-ammonia] Renal mitochondrial glutamine metabolism during K+ depletion (1986). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963205/ DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.4.F667
- tissue_or_cell_type
- renal mitochondria
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
Potassium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 1041–1053
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rats on potassium-free diet with renal mitochondrial and cortical-tubule ammonia assays during depletion and potassium refeeding. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### k-depletion-increases-mitochondrial-ammonia Renal mitochondria from potassium-depleted rats produced more ammonia during glutamine-metabolism assays after three days of potassium-free feeding. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Potassium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The kidney adaptation included greater ammonia production, beyond changes in enzyme abundance. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: renal mitochondria experimental_model: Rats on potassium-free diet with renal mitochondrial and cortical-tubule ammonia assays during depletion and potassium refeeding. limitations: Isolated mitochondrial assay, not whole-body bicarbonate balance. Glutaminase activity rose earlier than ammonia flux; mitochondrial glutamine entry was proposed as a limiting step. cross_nutrient: Potassium depletion changes mitochondrial glutamine nitrogen metabolism; enzyme capacity and substrate entry need separate accounting. experimental-exposure: Rats on potassium-free diet with renal mitochondrial and cortical-tubule ammonia assays during depletion and potassium refeeding. endpoint: Renal mitochondria from potassium-depleted rats produced more ammonia during glutamine-metabolism assays after three days of potassium-free feeding. [sastrasinh-1986-mitochondrial-ammonia] Renal mitochondrial glutamine metabolism during K+ depletion (1986). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3963205/ DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.4.F667
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.