Component
Human gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 / GGT1
Human gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 / GGT1. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
Human-GGT-expressing fibroblasts used extracellular GSH as a cysteine source in cysteine-free medium.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/glutathione-research/8099811.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "53a6b1a1855863d8fe1d0be289055e7cd6ca39b33e936e82dfed2d7d084c9d5b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 984, "text_sha256": "53a6b1a1855863d8fe1d0be289055e7cd6ca39b33e936e82dfed2d7d084c9d5b"}
- experimental_model
- Human GGT transfection in mouse fibroblasts
- exposure
- Cysteine-free medium supplemented with extracellular GSH
- limitations
- Precursor salvage after extracellular cleavage; not proof of intact oral GSH entry into every tissue.
- nutrient_topic
- Glutathione research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · GSH
- organism
- Human GGT; NIH/3T3 host
- plain_language
- Breaking down glutathione outside a cell can supply building blocks inside.
- primary_references
- [glutathione-p8099811] Extracellular glutathione is a source of cysteine for cells that express gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8099811/ DOI: 10.1021/bi00075a026
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cell surface and intracellular pools
Glutathione: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 632–643
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human GGT transfection in mouse fibroblasts · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### glutathione-ggt-cysteine Human-GGT-expressing fibroblasts used extracellular GSH as a cysteine source in cysteine-free medium. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Glutathione research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Breaking down glutathione outside a cell can supply building blocks inside. organism: Human GGT; NIH/3T3 host tissue_or_cell_type: Cell surface and intracellular pools experimental_model: Human GGT transfection in mouse fibroblasts limitations: Precursor salvage after extracellular cleavage; not proof of intact oral GSH entry into every tissue. exposure: Cysteine-free medium supplemented with extracellular GSH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glutathione-research/8099811.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "53a6b1a1855863d8fe1d0be289055e7cd6ca39b33e936e82dfed2d7d084c9d5b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 984, "text_sha256": "53a6b1a1855863d8fe1d0be289055e7cd6ca39b33e936e82dfed2d7d084c9d5b"} [glutathione-p8099811] Extracellular glutathione is a source of cysteine for cells that express gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8099811/ DOI: 10.1021/bi00075a026
Complete structured claim and evidenceGGT-positive cells replenished intracellular GSH from extracellular GSH under cysteine deprivation; GGT-negative cells did not.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/glutathione-research/8099811.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "53a6b1a1855863d8fe1d0be289055e7cd6ca39b33e936e82dfed2d7d084c9d5b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 984, "text_sha256": "53a6b1a1855863d8fe1d0be289055e7cd6ca39b33e936e82dfed2d7d084c9d5b"}
- experimental_model
- Human GGT transfection in mouse fibroblasts
- exposure
- Cysteine-free medium supplemented with extracellular GSH
- limitations
- Precursor salvage after extracellular cleavage; not proof of intact oral GSH entry into every tissue.
- nutrient_topic
- Glutathione research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · GSH
- organism
- Human GGT; NIH/3T3 host
- plain_language
- Extracellular breakdown can support intracellular rebuilding.
- primary_references
- [glutathione-p8099811] Extracellular glutathione is a source of cysteine for cells that express gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8099811/ DOI: 10.1021/bi00075a026
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cell surface and intracellular pools
Glutathione: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 645–656
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human GGT transfection in mouse fibroblasts · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### glutathione-ggt-replenishment GGT-positive cells replenished intracellular GSH from extracellular GSH under cysteine deprivation; GGT-negative cells did not. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Glutathione research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Extracellular breakdown can support intracellular rebuilding. organism: Human GGT; NIH/3T3 host tissue_or_cell_type: Cell surface and intracellular pools experimental_model: Human GGT transfection in mouse fibroblasts limitations: Precursor salvage after extracellular cleavage; not proof of intact oral GSH entry into every tissue. exposure: Cysteine-free medium supplemented with extracellular GSH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glutathione-research/8099811.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "53a6b1a1855863d8fe1d0be289055e7cd6ca39b33e936e82dfed2d7d084c9d5b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 984, "text_sha256": "53a6b1a1855863d8fe1d0be289055e7cd6ca39b33e936e82dfed2d7d084c9d5b"} [glutathione-p8099811] Extracellular glutathione is a source of cysteine for cells that express gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8099811/ DOI: 10.1021/bi00075a026
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.