Component

Gastrointestinal adverse events

Gastrointestinal adverse events. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred; no severe adverse events were reported in the trial.

    Broccoli sprout preparation, composition specified per study → Gastrointestinal adverse events source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/39929977.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "525674c523bafc5e583bea8f2402f9e6dcf792c93b5af0c0f19d3aee15393a92", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1849, "text_sha256": "525674c523bafc5e583bea8f2402f9e6dcf792c93b5af0c0f19d3aee15393a92"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with exploratory microbiome analysis
    exposure
    Daily broccoli sprout extract for 12 weeks
    limitations
    Primary target was 0.3 mmol/L; subgroup and microbiome results were exploratory and need confirmation.
    nutrient_topic
    Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study
    organism
    Human prediabetes; 35 extract and 39 placebo participants analyzed
    plain_language
    Tolerability and efficacy are separate outcomes.
    primary_references
    [sulforaphane-p39929977] Effect of broccoli sprout extract and baseline gut microbiota on fasting blood glucose in prediabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39929977/ DOI: 10.1038/s41564-025-01932-w
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Fasting glucose and serum exposure

    Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1204–1215

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with exploratory microbiome analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### sulforaphane-prediabetes-gi Gastrointestinal side effects occurred; no severe adverse events were reported in the trial. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Tolerability and efficacy are separate outcomes. organism: Human prediabetes; 35 extract and 39 placebo participants analyzed tissue_or_cell_type: Fasting glucose and serum exposure experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with exploratory microbiome analysis limitations: Primary target was 0.3 mmol/L; subgroup and microbiome results were exploratory and need confirmation. exposure: Daily broccoli sprout extract for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/39929977.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "525674c523bafc5e583bea8f2402f9e6dcf792c93b5af0c0f19d3aee15393a92", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1849, "text_sha256": "525674c523bafc5e583bea8f2402f9e6dcf792c93b5af0c0f19d3aee15393a92"} [sulforaphane-p39929977] Effect of broccoli sprout extract and baseline gut microbiota on fasting blood glucose in prediabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39929977/ DOI: 10.1038/s41564-025-01932-w
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The pilot report described transient gastrointestinal adverse effects in 20 patients, reported as 34.5%.

    Berberine → Gastrointestinal adverse events source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/18442638.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0d85d3f03994b65869cd6c52fb46d679f220e4221a6764b38833468818551b66", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1655, "text_sha256": "0d85d3f03994b65869cd6c52fb46d679f220e4221a6764b38833468818551b66"}
    experimental_model
    Small randomized comparison plus uncontrolled add-on cohort
    exposure
    Three-month berberine/metformin comparison and berberine add-on study
    limitations
    Small pilot, not an equivalence trial proving berberine substitutes for metformin. Add-on cohort lacks a concurrent placebo comparison.
    nutrient_topic
    Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Berberine
    organism
    Adults with type 2 diabetes
    plain_language
    Digestive effects were common enough to be recorded explicitly.
    primary_references
    [berberine-p18442638] Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18442638/ DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.013
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Glycemic control and gastrointestinal effects

    Berberine: metabolism, nutrient connections and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1234–1245

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Small randomized comparison plus uncontrolled add-on cohort · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### berberine-pilot-gi The pilot report described transient gastrointestinal adverse effects in 20 patients, reported as 34.5%. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Digestive effects were common enough to be recorded explicitly. organism: Adults with type 2 diabetes tissue_or_cell_type: Glycemic control and gastrointestinal effects experimental_model: Small randomized comparison plus uncontrolled add-on cohort limitations: Small pilot, not an equivalence trial proving berberine substitutes for metformin. Add-on cohort lacks a concurrent placebo comparison. exposure: Three-month berberine/metformin comparison and berberine add-on study evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/18442638.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0d85d3f03994b65869cd6c52fb46d679f220e4221a6764b38833468818551b66", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1655, "text_sha256": "0d85d3f03994b65869cd6c52fb46d679f220e4221a6764b38833468818551b66"} [berberine-p18442638] Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18442638/ DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.013
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Gastrointestinal side effects were more frequent with berberine in PREMOTE.

    Berberine → Gastrointestinal adverse events source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/33024120.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dbbfd240d55ac62d2f48263f25e5543e47aa4a91d7711637fbacc543ce54bd9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1283, "text_sha256": "5dbbfd240d55ac62d2f48263f25e5543e47aa4a91d7711637fbacc543ce54bd9"}
    experimental_model
    Multicenter randomized double-blind four-arm trial with metagenomics and microbial validation
    exposure
    Twelve weeks of berberine, probiotics, both or placebo after one week of gentamycin pretreatment
    limitations
    Antibiotic run-in and Chinese drug-naive population limit generalization. Microbial mediation is supported but not proof it explains every effect. Probiotic addition did not show a clear extra HbA1c reduction in the reported estimates.
    nutrient_topic
    Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Berberine
    organism
    409 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients; separate bacterial experiments
    plain_language
    Clinical benefits and tolerability are recorded separately.
    primary_references
    [berberine-p33024120] Gut microbiome-related effects of berberine and probiotics on type 2 diabetes (the PREMOTE study). (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33024120/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18414-8
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Glycemia, gut microbiome and bile-acid transformation

    Berberine: metabolism, nutrient connections and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1169–1180

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Multicenter randomized double-blind four-arm trial with metagenomics and microbial validation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### berberine-premote-gi Gastrointestinal side effects were more frequent with berberine in PREMOTE. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Clinical benefits and tolerability are recorded separately. organism: 409 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients; separate bacterial experiments tissue_or_cell_type: Glycemia, gut microbiome and bile-acid transformation experimental_model: Multicenter randomized double-blind four-arm trial with metagenomics and microbial validation limitations: Antibiotic run-in and Chinese drug-naive population limit generalization. Microbial mediation is supported but not proof it explains every effect. Probiotic addition did not show a clear extra HbA1c reduction in the reported estimates. exposure: Twelve weeks of berberine, probiotics, both or placebo after one week of gentamycin pretreatment evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/berberine-research/33024120.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dbbfd240d55ac62d2f48263f25e5543e47aa4a91d7711637fbacc543ce54bd9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1283, "text_sha256": "5dbbfd240d55ac62d2f48263f25e5543e47aa4a91d7711637fbacc543ce54bd9"} [berberine-p33024120] Gut microbiome-related effects of berberine and probiotics on type 2 diabetes (the PREMOTE study). (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33024120/ DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18414-8
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards