Component
Gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin
Osteocalcin with gamma-carboxyglutamate residues formed by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation; separate from BGLAP transcription.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
MK-7 produced more complete osteocalcin carboxylation than the compared K1 regimen.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/17158229.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1bf2196600220143fbc5ba85e8aba71b4c8aa931f4a6c47545c3db9570283faf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "1bf2196600220143fbc5ba85e8aba71b4c8aa931f4a6c47545c3db9570283faf"}
- experimental_model
- Comparative human absorption and activity experiments
- exposure
- Phylloquinone versus natto-derived MK-7
- limitations
- Biochemical exposure and activity endpoints, not fracture or cardiovascular-event prevention.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin K2 / menaquinone family
- organism
- Healthy volunteers
- plain_language
- The biochemical modification changed; clinical bone outcomes were a separate question.
- primary_references
- [k2-p17158229] Vitamin K-containing dietary supplements: comparison of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived menaquinone-7. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17158229/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-08-040709
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Serum vitamers and osteocalcin
Vitamin K2: menaquinone forms, carboxylation, recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 305–316
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Comparative human absorption and activity experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### k2-mk7-oc-carboxylation MK-7 produced more complete osteocalcin carboxylation than the compared K1 regimen. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The biochemical modification changed; clinical bone outcomes were a separate question. organism: Healthy volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Serum vitamers and osteocalcin experimental_model: Comparative human absorption and activity experiments limitations: Biochemical exposure and activity endpoints, not fracture or cardiovascular-event prevention. exposure: Phylloquinone versus natto-derived MK-7 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/17158229.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1bf2196600220143fbc5ba85e8aba71b4c8aa931f4a6c47545c3db9570283faf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1248, "text_sha256": "1bf2196600220143fbc5ba85e8aba71b4c8aa931f4a6c47545c3db9570283faf"} [k2-p17158229] Vitamin K-containing dietary supplements: comparison of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived menaquinone-7. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17158229/ DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-08-040709
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
A concentrated vitamin K-dependent carboxylase preparation converted glutamate residues of decarboxylated bovine osteocalcin into gamma-carboxyglutamate in vitro.
Experimental context and source evidence
- cross_nutrient
- Vitamin D regulates osteocalcin expression in specified models; vitamin K-dependent carboxylation modifies its protein product through a distinct enzyme reaction.
- evidence_locator
- Abstract: reported experimental results
- evidence_scope
- D3 active metabolite or VDR machinery experiment; not a direct D2-versus-D3 comparison.
- experimental_model
- Microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase enriched about 100-fold; bovine osteocalcin substrate and CO2-incorporation assay
- exposure
- 50 mM bicarbonate, excess enriched carboxylase and limiting decarboxylated osteocalcin; vitamin K-dependent reaction conditions.
- limitations
- In-vitro modification of a defined substrate; no D-plus-K supplementation regimen, K2-specific necessity, improved fracture outcome or obligatory supplement pairing was tested.
- nutrient
- Vitamin D2 and D3 · Vitamin D2 and D3
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin D2 and D3 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin D2 and D3
- organism
- Bos taurus osteocalcin; liver-derived enzyme preparation
- plain_language
- Osteocalcin needs a separate vitamin K-dependent protein-modification step; making more osteocalcin is not the same reaction.
- primary_references
- [vdm-soute1987] Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase: increased efficiency of the carboxylation reaction. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3495900/ DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1651066
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cell-free enzyme assay
Vitamin D2 and D3: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 889–903
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase enriched about 100-fold; bovine osteocalcin substrate and CO2-incorporation assay · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### vdm-vitamin-k-carboxylase-modifies-osteocalcin A concentrated vitamin K-dependent carboxylase preparation converted glutamate residues of decarboxylated bovine osteocalcin into gamma-carboxyglutamate in vitro. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin D2 and D3 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Osteocalcin needs a separate vitamin K-dependent protein-modification step; making more osteocalcin is not the same reaction. organism: Bos taurus osteocalcin; liver-derived enzyme preparation tissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free enzyme assay experimental_model: Microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase enriched about 100-fold; bovine osteocalcin substrate and CO2-incorporation assay limitations: In-vitro modification of a defined substrate; no D-plus-K supplementation regimen, K2-specific necessity, improved fracture outcome or obligatory supplement pairing was tested. exposure: 50 mM bicarbonate, excess enriched carboxylase and limiting decarboxylated osteocalcin; vitamin K-dependent reaction conditions. cross_nutrient: Vitamin D regulates osteocalcin expression in specified models; vitamin K-dependent carboxylation modifies its protein product through a distinct enzyme reaction. evidence_locator: Abstract: reported experimental results nutrient: Vitamin D2 and D3 evidence_scope: D3 active metabolite or VDR machinery experiment; not a direct D2-versus-D3 comparison. [vdm-soute1987] Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase: increased efficiency of the carboxylation reaction. (1987). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3495900/ DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1651066
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.