Component
Folate monoglutamates
Folate derivatives with one glutamate residue; chemical class includes reduced and oxidized forms.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Expression of human PCFT produced high-affinity, proton-coupled folate uptake with enhanced activity at acidic pH.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Human transporter expression, electrophysiology and affected family
- exposure
- Folate substrates across pH conditions
- limitations
- Expression-system kinetics are not whole-intestine absorption fractions.
- nutrient_topic
- Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
- organism
- Human transporter in cellular/oocyte expression systems
- plain_language
- PCFT uses acidic conditions to help folate enter cells.
- primary_references
- [qiu2006] Identification of an intestinal folate transporter and the molecular basis for hereditary folate malabsorption (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17129779/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.041
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Membrane transport models
- transport_effect
- raises Recorded as high-affinity proton-coupled folate uptake.
- transport_pool
- the expressing cell Recorded as high-affinity proton-coupled folate uptake.
Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 131–141
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human transporter expression, electrophysiology and affected family · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### folate-pcft-proton-coupled-entry Expression of human PCFT produced high-affinity, proton-coupled folate uptake with enhanced activity at acidic pH. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: PCFT uses acidic conditions to help folate enter cells. organism: Human transporter in cellular/oocyte expression systems tissue_or_cell_type: Membrane transport models experimental_model: Human transporter expression, electrophysiology and affected family limitations: Expression-system kinetics are not whole-intestine absorption fractions. exposure: Folate substrates across pH conditions [qiu2006] Identification of an intestinal folate transporter and the molecular basis for hereditary folate malabsorption (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17129779/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.041
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Partially purified human jejunal brush-border folate hydrolase progressively removed glutamates, producing predominantly monoglutamate after 120 minutes.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Partially purified human jejunal brush-border enzyme
- exposure
- Radiolabeled synthetic folate polyglutamates in enzyme incubations
- limitations
- Ex-vivo digestion, not a meal bioavailability measurement.
- nutrient_topic
- Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- Food folate tails are shortened before absorption.
- primary_references
- [reisenauer1981] Human jejunal brush border folate conjugase. Characteristics and inhibition by salicylazosulfapyridine (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6113848/ DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(81)90271-0
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Jejunal brush border
Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 82–92
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Partially purified human jejunal brush-border enzyme · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### folate-brush-border-deconjugation Partially purified human jejunal brush-border folate hydrolase progressively removed glutamates, producing predominantly monoglutamate after 120 minutes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Food folate tails are shortened before absorption. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Jejunal brush border experimental_model: Partially purified human jejunal brush-border enzyme limitations: Ex-vivo digestion, not a meal bioavailability measurement. exposure: Radiolabeled synthetic folate polyglutamates in enzyme incubations [reisenauer1981] Human jejunal brush border folate conjugase. Characteristics and inhibition by salicylazosulfapyridine (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6113848/ DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(81)90271-0
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.