Component
Human CHAC1 promoter activity and expression
Human CHAC1 promoter activity and expression. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
ATF4-responsive promoter elements supported human CHAC1 transcription in reporter experiments.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/glutathione-research/25931127.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a561d11e802b38659805fe90dcab499bf0f434dbe91fa5510cf1eb4efb3460b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1504, "text_sha256": "a561d11e802b38659805fe90dcab499bf0f434dbe91fa5510cf1eb4efb3460b1"}
- experimental_model
- Human promoter reporters, binding assays and overexpression
- exposure
- ER stress, ATF4 and CHAC1 expression
- limitations
- Cell experiments; CHAC1 induction is not a dietary GSH-deficiency diagnosis.
- nutrient_topic
- Glutathione research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · GSH
- organism
- Human
- plain_language
- A stress-response factor can turn on glutathione breakdown.
- primary_references
- [glutathione-p25931127] Human CHAC1 Protein Degrades Glutathione, and mRNA Induction Is Regulated by the Transcription Factors ATF4 and ATF3 and a Bipartite ATF/CRE Regulatory Element. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25931127/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635144
- tissue_or_cell_type
- HEK293 and U2OS cells
Glutathione: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 567–578
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human promoter reporters, binding assays and overexpression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### glutathione-atf4-chac1 ATF4-responsive promoter elements supported human CHAC1 transcription in reporter experiments. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Glutathione research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A stress-response factor can turn on glutathione breakdown. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: HEK293 and U2OS cells experimental_model: Human promoter reporters, binding assays and overexpression limitations: Cell experiments; CHAC1 induction is not a dietary GSH-deficiency diagnosis. exposure: ER stress, ATF4 and CHAC1 expression evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glutathione-research/25931127.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a561d11e802b38659805fe90dcab499bf0f434dbe91fa5510cf1eb4efb3460b1", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1504, "text_sha256": "a561d11e802b38659805fe90dcab499bf0f434dbe91fa5510cf1eb4efb3460b1"} [glutathione-p25931127] Human CHAC1 Protein Degrades Glutathione, and mRNA Induction Is Regulated by the Transcription Factors ATF4 and ATF3 and a Bipartite ATF/CRE Regulatory Element. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25931127/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635144
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.