Capsiate, a non-pungent capsinoid ester

Where it participates (unsigned role)

1. In the efficacy sequence for inhibition of compound action potentials the order was capsaicin equal to dihydrocapsaicin, then capsiate, eugenol, guaiacol, zingerone, vanillin and vanillylamine, with capsaicin ten-fold more effective than procaine; the extent of inhibition is determined by the property of the side chain bound to the vanillyl group.

   Dihydrocapsaicin → Capsaicin source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   evidence_span

   {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/23352977.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8a2b1f1a1bde0cfc3d08340f1951d88fb3711df6a40634a8c4c7bac63f8384bb", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1707, "text_sha256": "8a2b1f1a1bde0cfc3d08340f1951d88fb3711df6a40634a8c4c7bac63f8384bb"}

   experimental_model

   Compound action potentials recorded from frog sciatic nerve fibres by the air-gap method

   exposure

   Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, capsiate, eugenol, guaiacol, zingerone, vanillin, vanillylamine, vanillic acid, olvanil and curcumin, against procaine

   limitations

   An isolated nerve preparation with a clean negative control for the receptor: capsazepine did not block the effect and resiniferatoxin, a more powerful TRPV1 agonist, had none. That makes this a non-TRPV1 action of both compounds.

   nutrient_topic

   Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. · Dihydrocapsaicin

   organism

   Frog

   plain_language

   For blocking nerve conduction the two compounds are equally strong, and stronger than a local anaesthetic.

   primary_references

   [dhc-p23352977] Inhibition by capsaicin and its related vanilloids of compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerves. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23352977/ DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.011

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Sciatic nerve

   Dihydrocapsaicin: the second capsaicinoid, the hypothermia it is used to induce, what the gut and liver do to it, and what it does without TRPV1 (2026-09-21) · lines 114–125

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Compound action potentials recorded from frog sciatic nerve fibres by the air-gap method · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### dhc-equal-conduction-block In the efficacy sequence for inhibition of compound action potentials the order was capsaicin equal to dihydrocapsaicin, then capsiate, eugenol, guaiacol, zingerone, vanillin and vanillylamine, with capsaicin ten-fold more effective than procaine; the extent of inhibition is determined by the property of the side chain bound to the vanillyl group. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. plain_language: For blocking nerve conduction the two compounds are equally strong, and stronger than a local anaesthetic. organism: Frog tissue_or_cell_type: Sciatic nerve experimental_model: Compound action potentials recorded from frog sciatic nerve fibres by the air-gap method limitations: An isolated nerve preparation with a clean negative control for the receptor: capsazepine did not block the effect and resiniferatoxin, a more powerful TRPV1 agonist, had none. That makes this a non-TRPV1 action of both compounds. exposure: Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, capsiate, eugenol, guaiacol, zingerone, vanillin, vanillylamine, vanillic acid, olvanil and curcumin, against procaine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/23352977.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8a2b1f1a1bde0cfc3d08340f1951d88fb3711df6a40634a8c4c7bac63f8384bb", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1707, "text_sha256": "8a2b1f1a1bde0cfc3d08340f1951d88fb3711df6a40634a8c4c7bac63f8384bb"} [dhc-p23352977] Inhibition by capsaicin and its related vanilloids of compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerves. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23352977/ DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.011

   Complete structured claim and evidence

2. The capsiate to dihydrocapsiate ratio presented a higher variation between genotypes and developmental stages than the capsaicin to dihydrocapsaicin ratio, and capsaicinoids could already be determined at 10 days post-anthesis in Bhut Jolokia with an accumulation pattern different from that of the capsinoids.

   The capsaicin to dihydrocapsaicin ratio of a pepper → The total capsaicinoid content of a pepper or extract source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   evidence_span

   {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/31613626.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5677dc745ff36e42e2ced1c852984f119d1116b5ef5c60e1449645ad1827cf58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "5677dc745ff36e42e2ced1c852984f119d1116b5ef5c60e1449645ad1827cf58"}

   experimental_model

   Quantification of capsinoids and capsaicinoids across fruit development in three Capsicum genotypes

   exposure

   Chiltepin, Tampiqueno 74 and Bhut Jolokia sampled from 10 to 60 days post-anthesis

   limitations

   A plant developmental study. It bears on the chapter only because it measures how stable the capsaicin to dihydrocapsaicin ratio is, which decides whether a chilli exposure can be treated as a fixed mixture.

   nutrient_topic

   Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. · Dihydrocapsaicin

   organism

   Plant

   plain_language

   The proportions of the two hot compounds hold fairly steady across varieties and ripeness, unlike their non-pungent cousins.

   primary_references

   [dhc-p31613626] Assessment of Capsaicinoid and Capsinoid Accumulation Patterns during Fruit Development in Three Chili Pepper Genotypes (Capsicum spp.) Carrying Pun1 and pAMT Alleles Related to Pungency. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613626/ DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05332

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Pepper fruit

   Dihydrocapsaicin: the second capsaicinoid, the hypothermia it is used to induce, what the gut and liver do to it, and what it does without TRPV1 (2026-09-21) · lines 101–112

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Quantification of capsinoids and capsaicinoids across fruit development in three Capsicum genotypes · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### dhc-ratio-is-relatively-stable The capsiate to dihydrocapsiate ratio presented a higher variation between genotypes and developmental stages than the capsaicin to dihydrocapsaicin ratio, and capsaicinoids could already be determined at 10 days post-anthesis in Bhut Jolokia with an accumulation pattern different from that of the capsinoids. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. plain_language: The proportions of the two hot compounds hold fairly steady across varieties and ripeness, unlike their non-pungent cousins. organism: Plant tissue_or_cell_type: Pepper fruit experimental_model: Quantification of capsinoids and capsaicinoids across fruit development in three Capsicum genotypes limitations: A plant developmental study. It bears on the chapter only because it measures how stable the capsaicin to dihydrocapsaicin ratio is, which decides whether a chilli exposure can be treated as a fixed mixture. exposure: Chiltepin, Tampiqueno 74 and Bhut Jolokia sampled from 10 to 60 days post-anthesis evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/31613626.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5677dc745ff36e42e2ced1c852984f119d1116b5ef5c60e1449645ad1827cf58", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1077, "text_sha256": "5677dc745ff36e42e2ced1c852984f119d1116b5ef5c60e1449645ad1827cf58"} [dhc-p31613626] Assessment of Capsaicinoid and Capsinoid Accumulation Patterns during Fruit Development in Three Chili Pepper Genotypes (Capsicum spp.) Carrying Pun1 and pAMT Alleles Related to Pungency. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613626/ DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05332

   Complete structured claim and evidence

3. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, N-VAMC8, N-VAMC9 and N-VAMC10 directly and partially reversibly inhibited low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels, whereas olvanil, capsiate and vanillylamine could not, and the capsaicin inhibition of T-type channels was independent of TRPV1 activation.

   Dihydrocapsaicin → Low-voltage-activated T-type voltage-dependent calcium channels source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   evidence_span

   {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/17362879.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7e28fe88d1e616cf4d60ccadcf38ae9b0890891513dcda0d9623e5d3579d7201", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1243, "text_sha256": "7e28fe88d1e616cf4d60ccadcf38ae9b0890891513dcda0d9623e5d3579d7201"}

   experimental_model

   Enzymatically synthesised capsaicin analogues applied to voltage-dependent calcium channels

   exposure

   Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, N-VAMC8, N-VAMC9, N-VAMC10, olvanil, capsiate and vanillylamine on T-type channels

   limitations

   A second TRPV1-independent target, with a clear structural boundary: the ester analogue and the free amine do not do it. The channel work is in isolated preparations.

   nutrient_topic

   Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. · Dihydrocapsaicin

   organism

   Sensory neuron preparations

   plain_language

   Both compounds shut down a second kind of calcium channel in pain neurons, again without the receptor.

   primary_references

   [dhc-p17362879] Enzymatic synthesis of capsaicin analogs and their effect on the T-type Ca2+ channels. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17362879/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.144

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Primary sensory neurons

   Dihydrocapsaicin: the second capsaicinoid, the hypothermia it is used to induce, what the gut and liver do to it, and what it does without TRPV1 (2026-09-21) · lines 140–151

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Enzymatically synthesised capsaicin analogues applied to voltage-dependent calcium channels · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### dhc-t-type-inhibition Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, N-VAMC8, N-VAMC9 and N-VAMC10 directly and partially reversibly inhibited low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels, whereas olvanil, capsiate and vanillylamine could not, and the capsaicin inhibition of T-type channels was independent of TRPV1 activation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. plain_language: Both compounds shut down a second kind of calcium channel in pain neurons, again without the receptor. organism: Sensory neuron preparations tissue_or_cell_type: Primary sensory neurons experimental_model: Enzymatically synthesised capsaicin analogues applied to voltage-dependent calcium channels limitations: A second TRPV1-independent target, with a clear structural boundary: the ester analogue and the free amine do not do it. The channel work is in isolated preparations. exposure: Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, N-VAMC8, N-VAMC9, N-VAMC10, olvanil, capsiate and vanillylamine on T-type channels evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/17362879.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7e28fe88d1e616cf4d60ccadcf38ae9b0890891513dcda0d9623e5d3579d7201", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1243, "text_sha256": "7e28fe88d1e616cf4d60ccadcf38ae9b0890891513dcda0d9623e5d3579d7201"} [dhc-p17362879] Enzymatic synthesis of capsaicin analogs and their effect on the T-type Ca2+ channels. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17362879/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.144

   Complete structured claim and evidence