Component

Human BOLA3

Human BOLA3. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. BOLA3 did not directly enhance Fe-S cluster transfer from NFU1 or GLRX5 to LIAS in the purified assay.

    Human BOLA3 → LIAS catalytic turnover source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/36281303.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "29a716d2027786ee1eefa5380aca1ddc035ec330409162f3d4e61db20015780f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1732, "text_sha256": "29a716d2027786ee1eefa5380aca1ddc035ec330409162f3d4e61db20015780f"}
    experimental_model
    Purified human LIAS turnover and cluster-transfer assays
    exposure
    LIAS with candidate iron-sulfur cluster donors
    limitations
    Cell-free transfer distinguishes direct donor activity from upstream functions in intact cells.
    nutrient_topic
    Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lipoic acid
    organism
    Human recombinant proteins
    plain_language
    A protein can be essential in cells without stimulating this isolated transfer step.
    primary_references
    [ala-p36281303] In Vitro Demonstration of Human Lipoyl Synthase Catalytic Activity in the Presence of NFU1. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36281303/ DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00020
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mitochondrial lipoyl synthesis machinery

    Alpha-lipoic acid: cofactor assembly, redox signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 338–349

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human LIAS turnover and cluster-transfer assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ala-bola3-direct-assay-null BOLA3 did not directly enhance Fe-S cluster transfer from NFU1 or GLRX5 to LIAS in the purified assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A protein can be essential in cells without stimulating this isolated transfer step. organism: Human recombinant proteins tissue_or_cell_type: Mitochondrial lipoyl synthesis machinery experimental_model: Purified human LIAS turnover and cluster-transfer assays limitations: Cell-free transfer distinguishes direct donor activity from upstream functions in intact cells. exposure: LIAS with candidate iron-sulfur cluster donors evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/36281303.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "29a716d2027786ee1eefa5380aca1ddc035ec330409162f3d4e61db20015780f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1732, "text_sha256": "29a716d2027786ee1eefa5380aca1ddc035ec330409162f3d4e61db20015780f"} [ala-p36281303] In Vitro Demonstration of Human Lipoyl Synthase Catalytic Activity in the Presence of NFU1. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36281303/ DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00020
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. BOLA3 deficiency caused combined respiratory and 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase defects; expression of the appropriate BOLA3 isoform restored function.

    Human BOLA3 → Cellular mitochondrial respiration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/21944046.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9cdfbbaf37dfadc160222f6b2205256e42d430569b731140b1d6f3132b157f44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1658, "text_sha256": "9cdfbbaf37dfadc160222f6b2205256e42d430569b731140b1d6f3132b157f44"}
    experimental_model
    Two families with Fe-S disorders and fibroblast gene complementation
    exposure
    NFU1 and BOLA3 pathogenic variants; isoform-specific rescue
    limitations
    Broader Fe-S defects can affect respiratory complexes as well as lipoylation; not direct proof of a BOLA3-to-LIAS transfer reaction.
    nutrient_topic
    Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lipoic acid
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The intact cell needs BOLA3 even though its precise role differs from a purified donor assay.
    primary_references
    [ala-p21944046] Mutations in iron-sulfur cluster scaffold genes NFU1 and BOLA3 cause a fatal deficiency of multiple respiratory chain and 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase enzymes. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21944046/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.011
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Fibroblasts and mitochondrial enzymes
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Alpha-lipoic acid: cofactor assembly, redox signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 520–531

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Two families with Fe-S disorders and fibroblast gene complementation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ala-bola3-patient-defect BOLA3 deficiency caused combined respiratory and 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase defects; expression of the appropriate BOLA3 isoform restored function. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The intact cell needs BOLA3 even though its precise role differs from a purified donor assay. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Fibroblasts and mitochondrial enzymes experimental_model: Two families with Fe-S disorders and fibroblast gene complementation limitations: Broader Fe-S defects can affect respiratory complexes as well as lipoylation; not direct proof of a BOLA3-to-LIAS transfer reaction. exposure: NFU1 and BOLA3 pathogenic variants; isoform-specific rescue evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/21944046.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "9cdfbbaf37dfadc160222f6b2205256e42d430569b731140b1d6f3132b157f44", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1658, "text_sha256": "9cdfbbaf37dfadc160222f6b2205256e42d430569b731140b1d6f3132b157f44"} [ala-p21944046] Mutations in iron-sulfur cluster scaffold genes NFU1 and BOLA3 cause a fatal deficiency of multiple respiratory chain and 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase enzymes. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21944046/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.011
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Engineered LplA restored lipoylation in MECR-, BOLA3-, FDX1-, LIAS- and LIPT1-knockout cell models.

    Engineered bacterial LplA targeted to mammalian mitochondria → Mitochondrial protein lipoylation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/39547509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c914532ce06cd71fa946c3aa27935a85d94827215c74ae076a0eebb80ebb45bd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1884, "text_sha256": "c914532ce06cd71fa946c3aa27935a85d94827215c74ae076a0eebb80ebb45bd"}
    experimental_model
    Engineered bacterial ligase in human knockout cells and a modeled patient allele
    exposure
    Mitochondrially targeted engineered LplA expression
    limitations
    Experimental genetic engineering, not ordinary supplementation and not a treated-patient efficacy trial.
    nutrient_topic
    Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lipoic acid
    organism
    Human cells with bacterial enzyme engineering
    plain_language
    Adding a new enzyme created a route that free supplementation alone did not supply.
    primary_references
    [ala-p39547509] Engineered bacterial lipoate protein ligase A (lplA) restores lipoylation in cell models of lipoylation deficiency. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39547509/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107995
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Lipoylation-null cell models and K562 cells
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Alpha-lipoic acid: cofactor assembly, redox signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 559–570

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Engineered bacterial ligase in human knockout cells and a modeled patient allele · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ala-lpla-lipoylation-rescue Engineered LplA restored lipoylation in MECR-, BOLA3-, FDX1-, LIAS- and LIPT1-knockout cell models. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding a new enzyme created a route that free supplementation alone did not supply. organism: Human cells with bacterial enzyme engineering tissue_or_cell_type: Lipoylation-null cell models and K562 cells experimental_model: Engineered bacterial ligase in human knockout cells and a modeled patient allele limitations: Experimental genetic engineering, not ordinary supplementation and not a treated-patient efficacy trial. exposure: Mitochondrially targeted engineered LplA expression evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/39547509.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "c914532ce06cd71fa946c3aa27935a85d94827215c74ae076a0eebb80ebb45bd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1884, "text_sha256": "c914532ce06cd71fa946c3aa27935a85d94827215c74ae076a0eebb80ebb45bd"} [ala-p39547509] Engineered bacterial lipoate protein ligase A (lplA) restores lipoylation in cell models of lipoylation deficiency. (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39547509/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107995
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Neither lipoate nor mitochondrially targeted lipoate corrected the studied cellular lipoylation deficiency.

    Lipoic acid → Mitochondrial protein lipoylation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/24334290.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2d6f134f9da5ac532fac9c58757e80a0b51c9912f8ddbec39eb81d1e81ccbfb2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2342, "text_sha256": "2d6f134f9da5ac532fac9c58757e80a0b51c9912f8ddbec39eb81d1e81ccbfb2"}
    experimental_model
    Variant nonketotic hyperglycinemia cohort and cell complementation
    exposure
    LIAS, BOLA3 or GLRX5 variants; lipoate and mitochondrially targeted lipoate in cells
    limitations
    Phenotypes varied; respiratory-chain function was preserved in this series, unlike some other Fe-S disorders.
    nutrient_topic
    Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lipoic acid
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Delivering the molecule nearer mitochondria was still insufficient in these models.
    primary_references
    [ala-p24334290] Variant non ketotic hyperglycinemia is caused by mutations in LIAS, BOLA3 and the novel gene GLRX5. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24334290/ DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt328
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Eight genetically explained patients within an eleven-person group
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Alpha-lipoic acid: cofactor assembly, redox signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 546–557

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Variant nonketotic hyperglycinemia cohort and cell complementation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ala-variant-lipoate-no-rescue Neither lipoate nor mitochondrially targeted lipoate corrected the studied cellular lipoylation deficiency. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Alpha-lipoic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Delivering the molecule nearer mitochondria was still insufficient in these models. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Eight genetically explained patients within an eleven-person group experimental_model: Variant nonketotic hyperglycinemia cohort and cell complementation limitations: Phenotypes varied; respiratory-chain function was preserved in this series, unlike some other Fe-S disorders. exposure: LIAS, BOLA3 or GLRX5 variants; lipoate and mitochondrially targeted lipoate in cells evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ala-research/24334290.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2d6f134f9da5ac532fac9c58757e80a0b51c9912f8ddbec39eb81d1e81ccbfb2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2342, "text_sha256": "2d6f134f9da5ac532fac9c58757e80a0b51c9912f8ddbec39eb81d1e81ccbfb2"} [ala-p24334290] Variant non ketotic hyperglycinemia is caused by mutations in LIAS, BOLA3 and the novel gene GLRX5. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24334290/ DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt328
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards