Component
Beta-cryptoxanthin
Asymmetric hydroxylated provitamin A carotenoid.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Bco2-null mice accumulated more hepatic beta-cryptoxanthin than wild-type and Bco1-null mice after repeated injections.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_location
- Figure 10B
- experimental_model
- Recombinant murine BCO2 and Bco1/Bco2-knockout mice given carotenoids.
- exposure
- Twelve-week-old females; pharmacological beta-cryptoxanthin injections on three consecutive days; n=3/genotype.
- limitations
- Injection bypasses intestinal absorption; not nutritional deficiency.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
- organism
- Mus musculus
- outcome
- Bco2-null mice accumulated more hepatic beta-cryptoxanthin than wild-type and Bco1-null mice after repeated injections.
- plain_language
- Removing BCO2 impaired clearance of this carotenoid.
- primary_references
- [va-amengual-2013] Two Carotenoid Oxygenases Contribute to Mammalian Provitamin A Metabolism (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3837149/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.501049
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Liver
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 246–258
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant murine BCO2 and Bco1/Bco2-knockout mice given carotenoids. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### va-bco2-loss-cryptoxanthin Bco2-null mice accumulated more hepatic beta-cryptoxanthin than wild-type and Bco1-null mice after repeated injections. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Removing BCO2 impaired clearance of this carotenoid. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver experimental_model: Recombinant murine BCO2 and Bco1/Bco2-knockout mice given carotenoids. limitations: Injection bypasses intestinal absorption; not nutritional deficiency. exposure: Twelve-week-old females; pharmacological beta-cryptoxanthin injections on three consecutive days; n=3/genotype. outcome: Bco2-null mice accumulated more hepatic beta-cryptoxanthin than wild-type and Bco1-null mice after repeated injections. evidence_location: Figure 10B [va-amengual-2013] Two Carotenoid Oxygenases Contribute to Mammalian Provitamin A Metabolism (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3837149/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.501049
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Human BCO1 generated retinal from beta-cryptoxanthin in substrate assays.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_location
- Abstract
- experimental_model
- Purified human BCO1 expressed in E. coli; substrate incubations and HPLC.
- exposure
- Purified BCO1 and beta-cryptoxanthin concentration series.
- limitations
- Does not quantify competition with the BCO2 pathway in vivo.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
- organism
- Homo sapiens protein expressed in Escherichia coli
- outcome
- Human BCO1 generated retinal from beta-cryptoxanthin in substrate assays.
- plain_language
- This hydroxylated carotenoid also supplies retinal in vitro.
- primary_references
- [va-delasena-2013] Substrate specificity of purified recombinant human beta-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24187135/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.507160
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cell-free enzyme
Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 159–171
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human BCO1 expressed in E. coli; substrate incubations and HPLC. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### va-bco1-beta-cryptoxanthin Human BCO1 generated retinal from beta-cryptoxanthin in substrate assays. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This hydroxylated carotenoid also supplies retinal in vitro. organism: Homo sapiens protein expressed in Escherichia coli tissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free enzyme experimental_model: Purified human BCO1 expressed in E. coli; substrate incubations and HPLC. limitations: Does not quantify competition with the BCO2 pathway in vivo. exposure: Purified BCO1 and beta-cryptoxanthin concentration series. outcome: Human BCO1 generated retinal from beta-cryptoxanthin in substrate assays. evidence_location: Abstract [va-delasena-2013] Substrate specificity of purified recombinant human beta-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24187135/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.507160
Complete structured claim and evidenceRecombinant murine BCO2 cleaved beta-cryptoxanthin mainly to beta-apo-10-prime-carotenal.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_location
- Figure 10A
- experimental_model
- Recombinant murine BCO2 and Bco1/Bco2-knockout mice given carotenoids.
- exposure
- BCO2 incubated with beta-cryptoxanthin.
- limitations
- Intermediate transport and whole-body human pathway contribution were not established.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
- organism
- Mus musculus recombinant protein
- outcome
- Recombinant murine BCO2 cleaved beta-cryptoxanthin mainly to beta-apo-10-prime-carotenal.
- plain_language
- BCO2 makes an apocarotenoid intermediate rather than directly performing BCO1 central cleavage.
- primary_references
- [va-amengual-2013] Two Carotenoid Oxygenases Contribute to Mammalian Provitamin A Metabolism (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3837149/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.501049
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cell-free enzyme
Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 232–244
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant murine BCO2 and Bco1/Bco2-knockout mice given carotenoids. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### va-bco2-eccentric-cryptoxanthin Recombinant murine BCO2 cleaved beta-cryptoxanthin mainly to beta-apo-10-prime-carotenal. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: BCO2 makes an apocarotenoid intermediate rather than directly performing BCO1 central cleavage. organism: Mus musculus recombinant protein tissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free enzyme experimental_model: Recombinant murine BCO2 and Bco1/Bco2-knockout mice given carotenoids. limitations: Intermediate transport and whole-body human pathway contribution were not established. exposure: BCO2 incubated with beta-cryptoxanthin. outcome: Recombinant murine BCO2 cleaved beta-cryptoxanthin mainly to beta-apo-10-prime-carotenal. evidence_location: Figure 10A [va-amengual-2013] Two Carotenoid Oxygenases Contribute to Mammalian Provitamin A Metabolism (2013). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3837149/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.501049
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.