Component

Human acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase / ASMT

Human acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase / ASMT. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Human ASMT catalyzes the terminal methylation step converting N-acetylserotonin to melatonin using SAM.

    Human acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase / ASMT → Melatonin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/22775292.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "6896e0a7e08f764e1ff8c370601b0477c594e4e1c945df52d0f564e9049a9349", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1205, "text_sha256": "6896e0a7e08f764e1ff8c370601b0477c594e4e1c945df52d0f564e9049a9349"}
    experimental_model
    X-ray structure and radioenzymatic variant characterization
    exposure
    SAM-dependent methyltransferase structure and enzyme activity assays
    limitations
    Reduced recombinant enzyme activity does not quantify pineal secretion or diagnose a sleep problem in an individual. Variant effects differ; no single universal melatonin-deficiency syndrome.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Human ASMT and 20 nonsynonymous variants
    plain_language
    A methyl group completes the molecule.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p22775292] Crystal structure and functional mapping of human ASMT, the last enzyme of the melatonin synthesis pathway. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22775292/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01020.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Final melatonin synthesis step

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 201–212

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · X-ray structure and radioenzymatic variant characterization · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-asmt-methylation Human ASMT catalyzes the terminal methylation step converting N-acetylserotonin to melatonin using SAM. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A methyl group completes the molecule. organism: Human ASMT and 20 nonsynonymous variants tissue_or_cell_type: Final melatonin synthesis step experimental_model: X-ray structure and radioenzymatic variant characterization limitations: Reduced recombinant enzyme activity does not quantify pineal secretion or diagnose a sleep problem in an individual. Variant effects differ; no single universal melatonin-deficiency syndrome. exposure: SAM-dependent methyltransferase structure and enzyme activity assays evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/22775292.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "6896e0a7e08f764e1ff8c370601b0477c594e4e1c945df52d0f564e9049a9349", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1205, "text_sha256": "6896e0a7e08f764e1ff8c370601b0477c594e4e1c945df52d0f564e9049a9349"} [melatonin-p22775292] Crystal structure and functional mapping of human ASMT, the last enzyme of the melatonin synthesis pathway. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22775292/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01020.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. Human ASMT has a SAM-dependent O-methyltransferase catalytic domain.

    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine → Human acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase / ASMT source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/22775292.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "6896e0a7e08f764e1ff8c370601b0477c594e4e1c945df52d0f564e9049a9349", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1205, "text_sha256": "6896e0a7e08f764e1ff8c370601b0477c594e4e1c945df52d0f564e9049a9349"}
    experimental_model
    X-ray structure and radioenzymatic variant characterization
    exposure
    SAM-dependent methyltransferase structure and enzyme activity assays
    limitations
    Reduced recombinant enzyme activity does not quantify pineal secretion or diagnose a sleep problem in an individual. Variant effects differ; no single universal melatonin-deficiency syndrome.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Human ASMT and 20 nonsynonymous variants
    plain_language
    The methyl-donor pool connects this step to methionine and one-carbon metabolism.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p22775292] Crystal structure and functional mapping of human ASMT, the last enzyme of the melatonin synthesis pathway. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22775292/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01020.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Final melatonin synthesis step

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 214–225

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · X-ray structure and radioenzymatic variant characterization · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-asmt-sam Human ASMT has a SAM-dependent O-methyltransferase catalytic domain. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The methyl-donor pool connects this step to methionine and one-carbon metabolism. organism: Human ASMT and 20 nonsynonymous variants tissue_or_cell_type: Final melatonin synthesis step experimental_model: X-ray structure and radioenzymatic variant characterization limitations: Reduced recombinant enzyme activity does not quantify pineal secretion or diagnose a sleep problem in an individual. Variant effects differ; no single universal melatonin-deficiency syndrome. exposure: SAM-dependent methyltransferase structure and enzyme activity assays evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/22775292.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "6896e0a7e08f764e1ff8c370601b0477c594e4e1c945df52d0f564e9049a9349", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1205, "text_sha256": "6896e0a7e08f764e1ff8c370601b0477c594e4e1c945df52d0f564e9049a9349"} [melatonin-p22775292] Crystal structure and functional mapping of human ASMT, the last enzyme of the melatonin synthesis pathway. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22775292/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01020.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. The tested retinoic-acid stereoisomer increased HIOMT mRNA and enzyme activity in Y79 cells.

    13-cis-Retinoic acid / isotretinoin → Human ASMT mRNA abundance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/8752109.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 650, "text_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b"}
    experimental_model
    Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements
    exposure
    All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis retinoic acid exposure
    limitations
    Tumor-derived cell model. Retinoic acid is not synonymous with dietary vitamin A; no clinical vitamin A repletion or insomnia-treatment inference.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Human Y79 retinoblastoma-derived cells
    plain_language
    A vitamin-A-derived signaling molecule can regulate this synthetic enzyme in a specific cell model.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p8752109] Retinoic acid increases hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity and mRNA in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8752109/ DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031032.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    ASMT/HIOMT expression

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 305–316

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-retinoid-13cis The tested retinoic-acid stereoisomer increased HIOMT mRNA and enzyme activity in Y79 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A vitamin-A-derived signaling molecule can regulate this synthetic enzyme in a specific cell model. organism: Human Y79 retinoblastoma-derived cells tissue_or_cell_type: ASMT/HIOMT expression experimental_model: Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements limitations: Tumor-derived cell model. Retinoic acid is not synonymous with dietary vitamin A; no clinical vitamin A repletion or insomnia-treatment inference. exposure: All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis retinoic acid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/8752109.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 650, "text_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b"} [melatonin-p8752109] Retinoic acid increases hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity and mRNA in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8752109/ DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031032.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The tested retinoic-acid stereoisomer increased HIOMT mRNA and enzyme activity in Y79 cells.

    9-cis-retinoic acid → Human ASMT mRNA abundance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/8752109.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 650, "text_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b"}
    experimental_model
    Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements
    exposure
    All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis retinoic acid exposure
    limitations
    Tumor-derived cell model. Retinoic acid is not synonymous with dietary vitamin A; no clinical vitamin A repletion or insomnia-treatment inference.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Human Y79 retinoblastoma-derived cells
    plain_language
    A vitamin-A-derived signaling molecule can regulate this synthetic enzyme in a specific cell model.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p8752109] Retinoic acid increases hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity and mRNA in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8752109/ DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031032.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    ASMT/HIOMT expression

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 318–329

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-retinoid-9cis The tested retinoic-acid stereoisomer increased HIOMT mRNA and enzyme activity in Y79 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A vitamin-A-derived signaling molecule can regulate this synthetic enzyme in a specific cell model. organism: Human Y79 retinoblastoma-derived cells tissue_or_cell_type: ASMT/HIOMT expression experimental_model: Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements limitations: Tumor-derived cell model. Retinoic acid is not synonymous with dietary vitamin A; no clinical vitamin A repletion or insomnia-treatment inference. exposure: All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis retinoic acid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/8752109.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 650, "text_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b"} [melatonin-p8752109] Retinoic acid increases hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity and mRNA in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8752109/ DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031032.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. The tested retinoic-acid stereoisomer increased HIOMT mRNA and enzyme activity in Y79 cells.

    All-trans-retinoic acid → Human ASMT mRNA abundance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/8752109.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 650, "text_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b"}
    experimental_model
    Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements
    exposure
    All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis retinoic acid exposure
    limitations
    Tumor-derived cell model. Retinoic acid is not synonymous with dietary vitamin A; no clinical vitamin A repletion or insomnia-treatment inference.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Human Y79 retinoblastoma-derived cells
    plain_language
    A vitamin-A-derived signaling molecule can regulate this synthetic enzyme in a specific cell model.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p8752109] Retinoic acid increases hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity and mRNA in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8752109/ DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031032.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    ASMT/HIOMT expression

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 292–303

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-retinoid-atra The tested retinoic-acid stereoisomer increased HIOMT mRNA and enzyme activity in Y79 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A vitamin-A-derived signaling molecule can regulate this synthetic enzyme in a specific cell model. organism: Human Y79 retinoblastoma-derived cells tissue_or_cell_type: ASMT/HIOMT expression experimental_model: Retinoid treatment and enzyme/mRNA measurements limitations: Tumor-derived cell model. Retinoic acid is not synonymous with dietary vitamin A; no clinical vitamin A repletion or insomnia-treatment inference. exposure: All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis retinoic acid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/8752109.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 650, "text_sha256": "d7a80b7b4106efe1c01849e3842ba968626d3a8c5401a5097b617da4d96ce83b"} [melatonin-p8752109] Retinoic acid increases hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity and mRNA in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8752109/ DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031032.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards