Urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio: molecular mechanisms & dependencies

How nutrients influence it

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Human evidence only

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

BR-DIM increased the urinary 2/16-alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio relative to placebo.
3,3'-Diindolylmethane / DIM → Urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/dim-research/28560655.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f4d3745a4c2211551e755b314eced209ac88e072b9e02cd97cbaa5eed8303f28", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1823, "text_sha256": "f4d3745a4c2211551e755b314eced209ac88e072b9e02cd97cbaa5eed8303f28"}
experimental_model
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
exposure
BR-DIM 150 mg twice daily for 12 months
limitations
Biomarker and pharmacokinetic endpoints, not recurrence or survival. The causal enzyme mechanism and effect on tamoxifen clinical benefit were not determined.
nutrient_topic
Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · 3,3'-Diindolylmethane / DIM
organism
130 women prescribed tamoxifen; 98 completed
plain_language
A ratio changed; calling one estrogen universally good and another bad would go beyond the trial.
primary_references
[dim-p28560655] A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of diindolylmethane for breast cancer biomarker modulation in patients taking tamoxifen. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28560655/ DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4292-7
tissue_or_cell_type
Estrogen biomarkers and tamoxifen metabolites
Diindolylmethane (DIM): formation, receptor signaling, metabolism and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1091–1102
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### dim-estrogen-ratio BR-DIM increased the urinary 2/16-alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio relative to placebo. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A ratio changed; calling one estrogen universally good and another bad would go beyond the trial. organism: 130 women prescribed tamoxifen; 98 completed tissue_or_cell_type: Estrogen biomarkers and tamoxifen metabolites experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Biomarker and pharmacokinetic endpoints, not recurrence or survival. The causal enzyme mechanism and effect on tamoxifen clinical benefit were not determined. exposure: BR-DIM 150 mg twice daily for 12 months evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dim-research/28560655.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f4d3745a4c2211551e755b314eced209ac88e072b9e02cd97cbaa5eed8303f28", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1823, "text_sha256": "f4d3745a4c2211551e755b314eced209ac88e072b9e02cd97cbaa5eed8303f28"} [dim-p28560655] A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of diindolylmethane for breast cancer biomarker modulation in patients taking tamoxifen. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28560655/ DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4292-7
Complete structured claim and evidence
I3C increased the urinary 2-to-16-alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio without significant changes in the reported serum hormones.
Indole-3-carbinol / I3C → Urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/dim-research/16103443.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ece0ac1a0c31053cdc1ec3eefbf9c78887018e0eddf2db36c3a1a07c998e15c4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "ece0ac1a0c31053cdc1ec3eefbf9c78887018e0eddf2db36c3a1a07c998e15c4"}
experimental_model
Phase I placebo run-in and dose escalation
exposure
I3C 400 mg/day then 800 mg/day for four weeks each
limitations
The administered compound was I3C, not DIM. Multiple acid-condensation products and nonrandomized sequential periods prevent assigning the observed fold change specifically to DIM.
nutrient_topic
Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · 3,3'-Diindolylmethane / DIM
organism
17 women at elevated breast-cancer risk
plain_language
Changing metabolite proportions is different from lowering every circulating hormone.
primary_references
[dim-p16103443] A phase I study of indole-3-carbinol in women: tolerability and effects. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16103443/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0121
tissue_or_cell_type
Caffeine CYP1A2 phenotype and estrogen metabolites
Diindolylmethane (DIM): formation, receptor signaling, metabolism and drug interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1039–1050
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Phase I placebo run-in and dose escalation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### dim-i3c-ratio I3C increased the urinary 2-to-16-alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio without significant changes in the reported serum hormones. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Changing metabolite proportions is different from lowering every circulating hormone. organism: 17 women at elevated breast-cancer risk tissue_or_cell_type: Caffeine CYP1A2 phenotype and estrogen metabolites experimental_model: Phase I placebo run-in and dose escalation limitations: The administered compound was I3C, not DIM. Multiple acid-condensation products and nonrandomized sequential periods prevent assigning the observed fold change specifically to DIM. exposure: I3C 400 mg/day then 800 mg/day for four weeks each evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dim-research/16103443.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ece0ac1a0c31053cdc1ec3eefbf9c78887018e0eddf2db36c3a1a07c998e15c4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1706, "text_sha256": "ece0ac1a0c31053cdc1ec3eefbf9c78887018e0eddf2db36c3a1a07c998e15c4"} [dim-p16103443] A phase I study of indole-3-carbinol in women: tolerability and effects. (2005). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16103443/ DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0121
Complete structured claim and evidence

The events it takes part in

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Situations it appears in

Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.

In the sources

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Open hypotheses

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This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

Urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio