Component
Completed repetitions in protocol-specified resistance exercise
Completed repetitions in protocol-specified resistance exercise. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Repetitions did not improve with CM: 90.9 versus 94.0 on placebo, P=0.33.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/30097067.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1678, "text_sha256": "8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2"}
- experimental_model
- Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis
- exposure
- 8 g CM with measured citrulline:malate ratio 1.11:1
- limitations
- Exercise, participant mix and product composition differed from the 2010 study; the cause of discrepant soreness is unproven.
- nutrient_topic
- Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
- organism
- Human recreationally active men and women
- plain_language
- This protocol did not reproduce a performance gain.
- primary_references
- [citrulline-p30097067] Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30097067/ DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0245-8
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Isokinetic German Volume Training and 72-hour soreness
Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1152–1163
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### citrulline-exercise-null Repetitions did not improve with CM: 90.9 versus 94.0 on placebo, P=0.33. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This protocol did not reproduce a performance gain. organism: Human recreationally active men and women tissue_or_cell_type: Isokinetic German Volume Training and 72-hour soreness experimental_model: Randomized double-blind counterbalanced exercise study and product analysis limitations: Exercise, participant mix and product composition differed from the 2010 study; the cause of discrepant soreness is unproven. exposure: 8 g CM with measured citrulline:malate ratio 1.11:1 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/30097067.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1678, "text_sha256": "8f08d4e244a48b116a8a2a734514e0cf13d3953bcae33722f996121bab8efbb2"} [citrulline-p30097067] Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30097067/ DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0245-8
Complete structured claim and evidenceCM increased repetitions in later bench-press sets; the reported final-set relative gain was 52.92%.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/20386132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1637, "text_sha256": "a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847"}
- experimental_model
- Randomized double-blind crossover exercise trial
- exposure
- 8 g citrulline malate before a high-volume pectoral session
- limitations
- CM is not pure L-citrulline; last-set relative change is not a whole-workout gain; perceived soreness is subjective.
- nutrient_topic
- Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
- organism
- Human, 41 men
- plain_language
- This result belongs to a demanding repeated-set protocol.
- primary_references
- [citrulline-p20386132] Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20386132/ DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cb28e0
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Bench-press repetitions and self-reported soreness
Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1113–1124
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind crossover exercise trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### citrulline-exercise-positive CM increased repetitions in later bench-press sets; the reported final-set relative gain was 52.92%. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This result belongs to a demanding repeated-set protocol. organism: Human, 41 men tissue_or_cell_type: Bench-press repetitions and self-reported soreness experimental_model: Randomized double-blind crossover exercise trial limitations: CM is not pure L-citrulline; last-set relative change is not a whole-workout gain; perceived soreness is subjective. exposure: 8 g citrulline malate before a high-volume pectoral session evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/20386132.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1637, "text_sha256": "a095891368caeebaa857f5dcf2651e1498924f2006969255d252c1d8caa91847"} [citrulline-p20386132] Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20386132/ DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cb28e0
Complete structured claim and evidenceNeither pure citrulline nor matched-citrulline-dose CM improved repetitions or other strength-endurance measures.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/39662304.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3f26c60b31d2021fb82143a4780ab4437e58c18d1c482a0880fdc4321f224092", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1816, "text_sha256": "3f26c60b31d2021fb82143a4780ab4437e58c18d1c482a0880fdc4321f224092"}
- experimental_model
- Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial
- exposure
- 5.3 g L-citrulline; or 5.3 g citrulline plus 2.7 g malate; or placebo 45 minutes pre-exercise
- limitations
- Acute low-to-moderate-volume protocol; not a universal finding for all doses, workouts or chronic use.
- nutrient_topic
- Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
- organism
- Human, 43 trained adults including 21 women
- plain_language
- Adding malate did not demonstrate an extra benefit in this trial.
- primary_references
- [citrulline-p39662304] Malate or Not? Acute Effects of L-Citrulline Versus Citrulline Malate on Neuromuscular Performance in Young, Trained Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39662304/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0006
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Neuromuscular, ballistic and strength-endurance tests
Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1191–1202
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### citrulline-matched-malate-null Neither pure citrulline nor matched-citrulline-dose CM improved repetitions or other strength-endurance measures. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding malate did not demonstrate an extra benefit in this trial. organism: Human, 43 trained adults including 21 women tissue_or_cell_type: Neuromuscular, ballistic and strength-endurance tests experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial limitations: Acute low-to-moderate-volume protocol; not a universal finding for all doses, workouts or chronic use. exposure: 5.3 g L-citrulline; or 5.3 g citrulline plus 2.7 g malate; or placebo 45 minutes pre-exercise evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/39662304.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3f26c60b31d2021fb82143a4780ab4437e58c18d1c482a0880fdc4321f224092", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1816, "text_sha256": "3f26c60b31d2021fb82143a4780ab4437e58c18d1c482a0880fdc4321f224092"} [citrulline-p39662304] Malate or Not? Acute Effects of L-Citrulline Versus Citrulline Malate on Neuromuscular Performance in Young, Trained Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39662304/ DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0006
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.