Component
Rat potassium/chloride cotransporter KCC2 / Slc12a5
Rat potassium/chloride cotransporter KCC2 / Slc12a5. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
Developmental KCC2 expression accompanied the shift toward hyperpolarizing GABA-A responses.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/chloride-research/9930699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2ef63b1f73a7a33ae3fc709c3ace45a585604d86f9fe1bce8c83405d21cdcaa6", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1181, "text_sha256": "2ef63b1f73a7a33ae3fc709c3ace45a585604d86f9fe1bce8c83405d21cdcaa6"}
- experimental_model
- Developmental expression and antisense suppression
- exposure
- KCC2 expression during maturation; antisense inhibition
- limitations
- Neuronal gradient mechanism; dietary chloride restriction is not the intervention.
- nutrient_topic
- Chloride research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Chloride
- organism
- Rat
- plain_language
- Potassium-coupled chloride removal helps mature neurons respond to GABA with inhibition.
- primary_references
- [chloride-p9930699] The K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 renders GABA hyperpolarizing during neuronal maturation. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9930699/ DOI: 10.1038/16697
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Chloride: transport, acid-base balance, nutrient interactions and loss states (2026-09-17) · lines 393–404
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Developmental expression and antisense suppression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### chloride-kcc2-cl-extrusion Developmental KCC2 expression accompanied the shift toward hyperpolarizing GABA-A responses. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Chloride research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Potassium-coupled chloride removal helps mature neurons respond to GABA with inhibition. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Hippocampal pyramidal neurons experimental_model: Developmental expression and antisense suppression limitations: Neuronal gradient mechanism; dietary chloride restriction is not the intervention. exposure: KCC2 expression during maturation; antisense inhibition evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/chloride-research/9930699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2ef63b1f73a7a33ae3fc709c3ace45a585604d86f9fe1bce8c83405d21cdcaa6", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1181, "text_sha256": "2ef63b1f73a7a33ae3fc709c3ace45a585604d86f9fe1bce8c83405d21cdcaa6"} [chloride-p9930699] The K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 renders GABA hyperpolarizing during neuronal maturation. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9930699/ DOI: 10.1038/16697
Complete structured claim and evidenceSuppressing KCC2 shifted the GABA-A reversal potential in a positive direction in mature neurons.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/chloride-research/9930699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2ef63b1f73a7a33ae3fc709c3ace45a585604d86f9fe1bce8c83405d21cdcaa6", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1181, "text_sha256": "2ef63b1f73a7a33ae3fc709c3ace45a585604d86f9fe1bce8c83405d21cdcaa6"}
- experimental_model
- Developmental expression and antisense suppression
- exposure
- KCC2 expression during maturation; antisense inhibition
- limitations
- Neuronal gradient mechanism; dietary chloride restriction is not the intervention.
- nutrient_topic
- Chloride research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Chloride
- organism
- Rat
- plain_language
- GABA’s electrical effect depends on the chloride gradient maintained by the cell.
- primary_references
- [chloride-p9930699] The K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 renders GABA hyperpolarizing during neuronal maturation. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9930699/ DOI: 10.1038/16697
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Hippocampal pyramidal neurons
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Chloride: transport, acid-base balance, nutrient interactions and loss states (2026-09-17) · lines 406–417
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Developmental expression and antisense suppression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### chloride-kcc2-gaba-loss Suppressing KCC2 shifted the GABA-A reversal potential in a positive direction in mature neurons. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Chloride research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: GABA’s electrical effect depends on the chloride gradient maintained by the cell. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Hippocampal pyramidal neurons experimental_model: Developmental expression and antisense suppression limitations: Neuronal gradient mechanism; dietary chloride restriction is not the intervention. exposure: KCC2 expression during maturation; antisense inhibition evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/chloride-research/9930699.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2ef63b1f73a7a33ae3fc709c3ace45a585604d86f9fe1bce8c83405d21cdcaa6", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1181, "text_sha256": "2ef63b1f73a7a33ae3fc709c3ace45a585604d86f9fe1bce8c83405d21cdcaa6"} [chloride-p9930699] The K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 renders GABA hyperpolarizing during neuronal maturation. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9930699/ DOI: 10.1038/16697
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.