Component
Proton pump inhibitor drug class
Pharmacological class, not one molecular species. Epidemiologic exposure groups do not identify a single compound or measured target inhibition.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
At least two years of PPI supply was associated with a B12-deficiency diagnosis (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.58–1.73).
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Case-control study: 25956 incident B12-deficiency diagnoses and 184199 controls in Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
- exposure
- Prescription records for at least two years of PPI or H2-antagonist exposure; no randomized acid suppression.
- limitations
- Prescription/diagnosis case-control data; no direct gastric pH or absorption measurement, and residual confounding remains.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin B12 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin B12 (cobalamins)
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- Long-term acid-suppressing prescriptions were associated with more diagnosed B12 deficiency.
- primary_references
- [b12-lam2013] Proton pump inhibitor and histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and vitamin B12 deficiency (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24327038/ DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.280490
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Human blood or whole-person endpoints
Vitamin B12: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1661–1671
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Case-control study: 25956 incident B12-deficiency diagnoses and 184199 controls in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### b12-acid-suppression-ppi-association At least two years of PPI supply was associated with a B12-deficiency diagnosis (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.58–1.73). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin B12 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Long-term acid-suppressing prescriptions were associated with more diagnosed B12 deficiency. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human blood or whole-person endpoints experimental_model: Case-control study: 25956 incident B12-deficiency diagnoses and 184199 controls in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. limitations: Prescription/diagnosis case-control data; no direct gastric pH or absorption measurement, and residual confounding remains. exposure: Prescription records for at least two years of PPI or H2-antagonist exposure; no randomized acid suppression. [b12-lam2013] Proton pump inhibitor and histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and vitamin B12 deficiency (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24327038/ DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.280490
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.