Component
Protocatechuic-acid sulfate isomers, unresolved assay sum
Protocatechuic-acid sulfate isomers, unresolved assay sum. Interpret through the linked experimental species, preparation, compartment and exposure; no universal causal effect is implied.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
After labeled C3G ingestion, Protocatechuic-acid sulfate isomers, unresolved assay sum was detected as a labeled serum product with its own concentration-time profile.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Full text retrieved; relevant methods/results/figure text reviewed. No independent raw-data verification.
- experimental_model
- Same human 500 mg tracer cohort; refer to the analyte-specific n, pooled isomers and peak times in Table 2.
- interpretation_status
- Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.
- limitations
- Tracer-derived product, not sole active payload. Different maxima cannot be summed into a simultaneous mixture. Shared metabolites retain independent identity and effects.
- plain_language
- After labeled C3G ingestion, Protocatechuic-acid sulfate isomers, unresolved assay sum was detected as a labeled serum product with its own concentration-time profile.
- primary_references
- The pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and their metabolites in humans. | 2014 | DOI 10.1111/bph.12676 | PMID 24602005 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24602005/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4080980/ | https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12676
- source_locator
- Reviewed reference lines 19-30; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.
Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026) · lines 19–30
Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication. · supports · Same human 500 mg tracer cohort; refer to the analyte-specific n, pooled isomers and peak times in Table 2. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
**Individual metabolites peak at different times.** A second analysis of the same tracer cohort reported the following selected serum values; these are means ± SEM, not universal target concentrations. The number of participants with quantifiable analyte differed by compound. [de Ferrars et al., 2014, Table 2](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4080980/). | Analyte | n | Peak, nM | Time to peak, hours | |---|---:|---:|---:| | C3G | 5 | 141 ± 70 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | | Protocatechuic acid (PCA) | 8 | 146 ± 74 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | | PCA sulfates, pooled isomers | 8 | 157 ± 116 | 11.4 ± 3.8 | | Vanillic acid | 2 | 1,845 ± 838 | 12.5 ± 11.5 | | Ferulic acid, B-ring label | 7 | 827 ± 371 | 8.2 ± 4.1 | | Hippuric acid | 8 | 1,962 ± 1,389 | 15.7 ± 4.1 | Free PCA and C3G therefore had similar mean peaks in this experiment. Vanillic acid's estimate came from only two participants. The values are distinct maxima, not a simultaneous mixture to be summed. Conjugated and unconjugated forms are separate exposures. A 50 µM PCA experiment is roughly 340 times this mean free-PCA peak; plasma comparisons still do not establish intestinal or intracellular concentrations. The two tracer publications are complementary analyses, not independent replications.
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.