Component
Human cancer cells expressing the metformin-resistant yeast NDI1
Human cancer cells expressing the metformin-resistant yeast NDI1. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
All of the effects of metformin were reversed when the metformin-resistant yeast NADH dehydrogenase NDI1 was expressed, in cells and in mouse tumours.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/metformin-research/24843020.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "21403805272b0d702f0f60887d805b1e52b4ce87a9335fcde1d34cefda8b16ae", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1142, "text_sha256": "21403805272b0d702f0f60887d805b1e52b4ce87a9335fcde1d34cefda8b16ae"}
- experimental_model
- Human cancer cells and mouse xenografts with the metformin-resistant yeast NDI1 as a genetic rescue
- exposure
- Metformin in the presence and absence of glucose; NDI1 overexpression
- limitations
- Cancer-cell concentrations are far above therapeutic plasma levels. The NDI1 rescue is strong evidence that the effects run through complex I in this model, not evidence of an antitumour indication.
- nutrient_topic
- Metformin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and pharmacological exposure is not dietary intake. · Metformin
- organism
- Human cells; mouse in vivo
- plain_language
- Putting in a replacement for the blocked step removed the drug effect, which is what pins the effect to that step.
- primary_references
- [metformin-p24843020] Metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex I of cancer cells to reduce tumorigenesis. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24843020/ DOI: 10.7554/elife.02242
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cancer cells and tumours
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Metformin: transport, molecular targets, gut mechanisms and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 411–422
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human cancer cells and mouse xenografts with the metformin-resistant yeast NDI1 as a genetic rescue · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### metformin-ndi1-rescue All of the effects of metformin were reversed when the metformin-resistant yeast NADH dehydrogenase NDI1 was expressed, in cells and in mouse tumours. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Metformin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and pharmacological exposure is not dietary intake. plain_language: Putting in a replacement for the blocked step removed the drug effect, which is what pins the effect to that step. organism: Human cells; mouse in vivo tissue_or_cell_type: Cancer cells and tumours experimental_model: Human cancer cells and mouse xenografts with the metformin-resistant yeast NDI1 as a genetic rescue limitations: Cancer-cell concentrations are far above therapeutic plasma levels. The NDI1 rescue is strong evidence that the effects run through complex I in this model, not evidence of an antitumour indication. exposure: Metformin in the presence and absence of glucose; NDI1 overexpression evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/metformin-research/24843020.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "21403805272b0d702f0f60887d805b1e52b4ce87a9335fcde1d34cefda8b16ae", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1142, "text_sha256": "21403805272b0d702f0f60887d805b1e52b4ce87a9335fcde1d34cefda8b16ae"} [metformin-p24843020] Metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex I of cancer cells to reduce tumorigenesis. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24843020/ DOI: 10.7554/elife.02242
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
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Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.