Component
Basal skeletal-muscle GLUT4 translocation
Basal skeletal-muscle GLUT4 translocation. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Basal skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation markedly increased without effects on insulin signalling or AMPK activation, and with only a minor increase in brown adipose glucose uptake.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/26147760.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ec2d7942d906f2c11c73487b4afb7682386a7b5759541dde161dde72787503c9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 451, "text_sha256": "ec2d7942d906f2c11c73487b4afb7682386a7b5759541dde161dde72787503c9"}
- experimental_model
- Eight subjects with type 2 diabetes acclimated to 14 to 15 degrees C for ten days
- exposure
- Ten days of cold acclimation at 14 to 15 degrees C
- limitations
- A small uncontrolled intervention in patients. The effect ran through muscle GLUT4 rather than brown fat, which is the opposite of the expected route.
- nutrient_topic
- Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
- organism
- Human
- plain_language
- The glucose door opened in muscle, not in brown fat, and not through the usual signalling.
- primary_references
- [cold-p26147760] Short-term cold acclimation improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26147760/ DOI: 10.1038/nm.3891
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue
Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 871–882
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Eight subjects with type 2 diabetes acclimated to 14 to 15 degrees C for ten days · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### cold-cold-glut4-route Basal skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation markedly increased without effects on insulin signalling or AMPK activation, and with only a minor increase in brown adipose glucose uptake. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: The glucose door opened in muscle, not in brown fat, and not through the usual signalling. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue experimental_model: Eight subjects with type 2 diabetes acclimated to 14 to 15 degrees C for ten days limitations: A small uncontrolled intervention in patients. The effect ran through muscle GLUT4 rather than brown fat, which is the opposite of the expected route. exposure: Ten days of cold acclimation at 14 to 15 degrees C evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/26147760.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ec2d7942d906f2c11c73487b4afb7682386a7b5759541dde161dde72787503c9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 451, "text_sha256": "ec2d7942d906f2c11c73487b4afb7682386a7b5759541dde161dde72787503c9"} [cold-p26147760] Short-term cold acclimation improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26147760/ DOI: 10.1038/nm.3891
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.