Component
Mitochondrial intermembrane space
Biological or experimental compartment identified in the linked study.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
Where it participates (unsigned role)
MICU1 limits MCU-dependent calcium uptake at low external calcium in the examined cell preparations.
Experimental context and source evidence
- compartment_description
- Mitochondrial uniporter regulatory machinery
- experimental_model
- HeLa, HEK293 and human endothelial-cell knockdown; calcium-flux and stress assays
- limitations
- Threshold and molecular explanation are assay-dependent; see the separate MICU1 gating conflict.
- nutrient_topic
- Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Calcium
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- MICU1 helps prevent unnecessary calcium accumulation in resting mitochondria.
- primary_references
- [ca-mallilankaraman2012] MICU1 is an essential gatekeeper for MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake that regulates cell survival (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23101630/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.011
- research_relationship_category
- regulation
- tissue_or_cell_type
- HeLa, HEK293 and endothelial cells
Calcium: mechanism-first literature curation (2026-09-17) · lines 706–717
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · HeLa, HEK293 and human endothelial-cell knockdown; calcium-flux and stress assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### ca-micu1-basal-uptake-restraint MICU1 limits MCU-dependent calcium uptake at low external calcium in the examined cell preparations. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: MICU1 helps prevent unnecessary calcium accumulation in resting mitochondria. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HeLa, HEK293 and endothelial cells experimental_model: HeLa, HEK293 and human endothelial-cell knockdown; calcium-flux and stress assays limitations: Threshold and molecular explanation are assay-dependent; see the separate MICU1 gating conflict. research_relationship_category: regulation compartment_description: Mitochondrial uniporter regulatory machinery [ca-mallilankaraman2012] MICU1 is an essential gatekeeper for MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake that regulates cell survival (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23101630/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.011
Complete structured claim and evidencePurified MICU1 suppresses MCU-complex currents in patch-clamp experiments, and disruption of its MCU-interacting K126 residue abolishes this suppression.
Experimental context and source evidence
- compartment_description
- Intermembrane-space face of inner mitochondrial membrane
- experimental_model
- Purified MICU1 addition, mitoplast patch clamp and intact mitochondrial ion-flux assays
- limitations
- Supports pore occlusion in these assays; competing potentiation evidence remains linked rather than discarded.
- nutrient_topic
- Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Calcium
- organism
- Mammalia
- plain_language
- A later study directly observes MICU1 inhibiting the uniporter.
- primary_references
- [ca-tsai2023] Evidence supporting the MICU1 occlusion mechanism and against the potentiation model in the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37036971/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217665120
- research_relationship_category
- mechanistic_evidence
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Reconstituted protein and mitochondrial preparations
Calcium: mechanism-first literature curation (2026-09-17) · lines 757–768
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified MICU1 addition, mitoplast patch clamp and intact mitochondrial ion-flux assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### ca-micu1-occlusion-evidence Purified MICU1 suppresses MCU-complex currents in patch-clamp experiments, and disruption of its MCU-interacting K126 residue abolishes this suppression. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A later study directly observes MICU1 inhibiting the uniporter. organism: Mammalia tissue_or_cell_type: Reconstituted protein and mitochondrial preparations experimental_model: Purified MICU1 addition, mitoplast patch clamp and intact mitochondrial ion-flux assays limitations: Supports pore occlusion in these assays; competing potentiation evidence remains linked rather than discarded. research_relationship_category: mechanistic_evidence compartment_description: Intermembrane-space face of inner mitochondrial membrane [ca-tsai2023] Evidence supporting the MICU1 occlusion mechanism and against the potentiation model in the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37036971/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217665120
Complete structured claim and evidenceCalcium-responsive EF hands in MICU1 and MICU2 allow the uniporter to pass from restrained low-calcium uptake to uptake above a threshold.
Experimental context and source evidence
- compartment_description
- Mitochondrial intermembrane-space regulatory subunits
- experimental_model
- Human HEK293T MICU1/MICU2 knockout and EF-hand mutant rescue; permeabilized-cell calcium clearance
- limitations
- Knockout/rescue and permeabilized-cell evidence; numeric thresholds are not universal.
- nutrient_topic
- Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Calcium
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- MICU1 and MICU2 help the uniporter distinguish small calcium levels from a signal.
- primary_references
- [ca-kamer2014] MICU1 and MICU2 play nonredundant roles in the regulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24503055/ DOI: 10.1002/embr.201337946
- research_relationship_category
- regulation
- tissue_or_cell_type
- HEK293T cells
Calcium: mechanism-first literature curation (2026-09-17) · lines 732–743
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human HEK293T MICU1/MICU2 knockout and EF-hand mutant rescue; permeabilized-cell calcium clearance · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### ca-micu12-calcium-sensing Calcium-responsive EF hands in MICU1 and MICU2 allow the uniporter to pass from restrained low-calcium uptake to uptake above a threshold. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Calcium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: MICU1 and MICU2 help the uniporter distinguish small calcium levels from a signal. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HEK293T cells experimental_model: Human HEK293T MICU1/MICU2 knockout and EF-hand mutant rescue; permeabilized-cell calcium clearance limitations: Knockout/rescue and permeabilized-cell evidence; numeric thresholds are not universal. research_relationship_category: regulation compartment_description: Mitochondrial intermembrane-space regulatory subunits [ca-kamer2014] MICU1 and MICU2 play nonredundant roles in the regulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24503055/ DOI: 10.1002/embr.201337946
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.