Component
Major lower-limb amputation
Major lower-limb amputation. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Major amputation occurred in 3 of 35 treated subjects (8.6%) versus 11 of 33 untreated (33.3%), a relative risk of 0.26, with the protective role confirmed on multivariate analysis.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/hbot-research/8941460.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f2904fa77e07a14257977ef8ca30fc46ee5ada35e65be2cc6512161bd0b440e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1910, "text_sha256": "2f2904fa77e07a14257977ef8ca30fc46ee5ada35e65be2cc6512161bd0b440e"}
- experimental_model
- Randomised study of 70 people admitted with severe prevalently ischaemic diabetic foot ulcer
- exposure
- Systemic hyperbaric oxygen, mean 38.8 sessions, added to a full treatment protocol
- limitations
- A single-centre randomised study with amputation as the endpoint. Adjunctive to an aggressive protocol, so the effect is of the addition, not of hyperbaric oxygen alone.
- nutrient_topic
- Hyperbaric oxygen research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
- organism
- Human
- plain_language
- Fewer people in the treated group lost a limb in this trial.
- primary_references
- [hbot-p8941460] Adjunctive systemic hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treatment of severe prevalently ischemic diabetic foot ulcer. A randomized study. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8941460/ DOI: 10.2337/diacare.19.12.1338
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Foot
Hyperbaric oxygen: the exposure, its reactive species, the signals they carry, and the nutrient-dependent enzymes that handle them (2026-09-19) · lines 114–125
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomised study of 70 people admitted with severe prevalently ischaemic diabetic foot ulcer · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### hbot-amputation-reduction Major amputation occurred in 3 of 35 treated subjects (8.6%) versus 11 of 33 untreated (33.3%), a relative risk of 0.26, with the protective role confirmed on multivariate analysis. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Hyperbaric oxygen research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: Fewer people in the treated group lost a limb in this trial. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Foot experimental_model: Randomised study of 70 people admitted with severe prevalently ischaemic diabetic foot ulcer limitations: A single-centre randomised study with amputation as the endpoint. Adjunctive to an aggressive protocol, so the effect is of the addition, not of hyperbaric oxygen alone. exposure: Systemic hyperbaric oxygen, mean 38.8 sessions, added to a full treatment protocol evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/hbot-research/8941460.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2f2904fa77e07a14257977ef8ca30fc46ee5ada35e65be2cc6512161bd0b440e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1910, "text_sha256": "2f2904fa77e07a14257977ef8ca30fc46ee5ada35e65be2cc6512161bd0b440e"} [hbot-p8941460] Adjunctive systemic hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treatment of severe prevalently ischemic diabetic foot ulcer. A randomized study. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8941460/ DOI: 10.2337/diacare.19.12.1338
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
In propensity-score-adjusted models, individuals receiving hyperbaric oxygen were less likely to have their foot ulcer heal (hazard ratio 0.68) and more likely to have an amputation (2.37), and additional analyses including an instrumental variable did not change the result.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/hbot-research/23423696.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2129b8a0c7356a65fbcedf4032e381f7dc22548282f894b785504f067fa6ced4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1491, "text_sha256": "2129b8a0c7356a65fbcedf4032e381f7dc22548282f894b785504f067fa6ced4"}
- experimental_model
- Longitudinal observational cohort of 6259 people in a wound care network, propensity-score adjusted
- exposure
- Hyperbaric oxygen as delivered under Medicare eligibility criteria
- limitations
- A large observational cohort, not a randomised trial. Propensity scores and an instrumental variable were used, but treatment selection by severity cannot be fully excluded; the direction of the result is opposite to the randomised study recorded alongside it.
- nutrient_topic
- Hyperbaric oxygen research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
- organism
- Human
- plain_language
- In routine care, the treated group did worse, not better.
- primary_references
- [hbot-p23423696] Lack of effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer and the prevention of amputation: a cohort study. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23423696/ DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2160
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Foot
Hyperbaric oxygen: the exposure, its reactive species, the signals they carry, and the nutrient-dependent enzymes that handle them (2026-09-19) · lines 127–138
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Longitudinal observational cohort of 6259 people in a wound care network, propensity-score adjusted · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### hbot-cohort-no-benefit In propensity-score-adjusted models, individuals receiving hyperbaric oxygen were less likely to have their foot ulcer heal (hazard ratio 0.68) and more likely to have an amputation (2.37), and additional analyses including an instrumental variable did not change the result. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Hyperbaric oxygen research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: In routine care, the treated group did worse, not better. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Foot experimental_model: Longitudinal observational cohort of 6259 people in a wound care network, propensity-score adjusted limitations: A large observational cohort, not a randomised trial. Propensity scores and an instrumental variable were used, but treatment selection by severity cannot be fully excluded; the direction of the result is opposite to the randomised study recorded alongside it. exposure: Hyperbaric oxygen as delivered under Medicare eligibility criteria evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/hbot-research/23423696.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "2129b8a0c7356a65fbcedf4032e381f7dc22548282f894b785504f067fa6ced4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1491, "text_sha256": "2129b8a0c7356a65fbcedf4032e381f7dc22548282f894b785504f067fa6ced4"} [hbot-p23423696] Lack of effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer and the prevention of amputation: a cohort study. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23423696/ DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2160
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.