Component
Free NAD+ pools in human HEK293T compartments
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
A compartment-targeted biosensor estimated free NAD+ in HEK293T cells at 106 micromolar in cytoplasm, 109 micromolar in nucleus and 230 micromolar in mitochondria.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary full text
- experimental_model
- Genetically encoded biosensor with permeabilization calibration in human HEK293T cells.
- limitations
- These are cell-line estimates with calibration assumptions, not normal human blood ranges or dietary deficiency thresholds.
- nutrient_topic
- NAD+ collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · NAD+
- plain_language
- Different compartments contain different amounts of freely available NAD+.
- primary_references
- Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD⁺. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27313049/ · DOI 10.1126/science.aad5168
NAD+: compartmental supply, consumption and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 12–18
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Genetically encoded biosensor with permeabilization calibration in human HEK293T cells. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## nad-plus-free-pools Different compartments contain different amounts of freely available NAD+. A compartment-targeted biosensor estimated free NAD+ in HEK293T cells at 106 micromolar in cytoplasm, 109 micromolar in nucleus and 230 micromolar in mitochondria. Model: Genetically encoded biosensor with permeabilization calibration in human HEK293T cells. Limitations: These are cell-line estimates with calibration assumptions, not normal human blood ranges or dietary deficiency thresholds. Evidence access: Primary full text Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD⁺. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27313049/ · DOI 10.1126/science.aad5168
Complete structured claim and evidenceFK866 inhibition of NAMPT depleted nuclear and cytoplasmic free NAD+ with approximate two-hour half-times, versus approximately eight hours in mitochondria; 16 hours reduced free NAD+ by over 85% in all three compartments.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary full text
- experimental_model
- Cultured human-cell biosensor experiments.
- limitations
- Drug-induced loss does not define dietary niacin deficiency or establish equivalent depletion in every tissue.
- nutrient_topic
- NAD+ collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · NAD+
- plain_language
- Blocking recycling empties NAD pools at different speeds.
- primary_references
- Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD⁺. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27313049/ · DOI 10.1126/science.aad5168
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
NAD+: compartmental supply, consumption and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 20–26
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cultured human-cell biosensor experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## nad-plus-salvage-depletion Blocking recycling empties NAD pools at different speeds. FK866 inhibition of NAMPT depleted nuclear and cytoplasmic free NAD+ with approximate two-hour half-times, versus approximately eight hours in mitochondria; 16 hours reduced free NAD+ by over 85% in all three compartments. Model: Cultured human-cell biosensor experiments. Limitations: Drug-induced loss does not define dietary niacin deficiency or establish equivalent depletion in every tissue. Evidence access: Primary full text Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD⁺. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27313049/ · DOI 10.1126/science.aad5168
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.