Component
Human carboxylesterase 2 / CES2
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
CES2 did not show comparable oseltamivir activation in the tested assays.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full results, tables and supplements not independently extracted.
- experimental_model
- Recombinant human esterase comparison.
- interpretation_status
- Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.
- limitations
- Assay-specific lack of conversion; not a general lack of CES2 activity.
- plain_language
- CES2 did not show comparable oseltamivir activation in the tested assays.
- primary_references
- Anti-influenza prodrug oseltamivir is activated by carboxylesterase human carboxylesterase 1, and the activation is inhibited by antiplatelet agent clopidogrel. | 2006 | DOI 10.1124/jpet.106.111807 | PMID 16966469 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16966469/ | https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.106.111807
- source_locator
- Reviewed reference lines 45-45; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.
Shikimic acid: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026) · lines 45–45
Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication. · supports · Recombinant human esterase comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
**The prodrug has its own activation mechanism.** The oseltamivir prodrug is hydrolyzed to oseltamivir carboxylate by human CES1 in the studied human-liver/recombinant systems. CES2, intestinal microsomes and plasma did not show comparable activation in those assays. An in-vitro clopidogrel inhibition observation does not by itself establish loss of antiviral treatment efficacy; subsequent correspondence concerns that translation. These records belong to oseltamivir and CES1, not to a fictitious human shikimate-to-drug reaction. [Anti-influenza prodrug oseltamivir is activated by carboxylesterase human carboxylesterase 1, and the activation is inhibited by antiplatelet agent clopidogrel.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16966469/)
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.