Component
Hepatic retinal oxidase activity
Historical retinal oxidation assay; not assumed identical to a specific modern ALDH isoform.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
A separable aldehyde-oxidase fraction accounted for some NAD-independent retinaldehyde metabolism in human liver and kidney extracts.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/10559215.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a0a70e022e9499ca5d0608c1da80afadfad2215ac6cf1219c8ce8da3280a5238", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1879, "text_sha256": "a0a70e022e9499ca5d0608c1da80afadfad2215ac6cf1219c8ce8da3280a5238"}
- experimental_model
- Biochemical fractionation of four human livers and three kidneys
- exposure
- Retinaldehyde and other aldehyde substrate assays
- limitations
- Biochemical enzyme-fraction identification predates modern isoform assays; does not establish AOX1 as the dominant human retinoic-acid source or mineral-responsive route.
- nutrient_topic
- Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Molybdenum
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- AOX1 intersects vitamin A chemistry, alongside other enzymes.
- primary_references
- [mo-p10559215] Metabolism of retinaldehyde and other aldehydes in soluble extracts of human liver and kidney. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10559215/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.47.33366
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Liver and kidney soluble extracts
Molybdenum: cofactor assembly, sulfur metabolism and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 885–896
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Biochemical fractionation of four human livers and three kidneys · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### mo-aox-retinal A separable aldehyde-oxidase fraction accounted for some NAD-independent retinaldehyde metabolism in human liver and kidney extracts. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Molybdenum research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: AOX1 intersects vitamin A chemistry, alongside other enzymes. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and kidney soluble extracts experimental_model: Biochemical fractionation of four human livers and three kidneys limitations: Biochemical enzyme-fraction identification predates modern isoform assays; does not establish AOX1 as the dominant human retinoic-acid source or mineral-responsive route. exposure: Retinaldehyde and other aldehyde substrate assays evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/molybdenum-research/10559215.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "a0a70e022e9499ca5d0608c1da80afadfad2215ac6cf1219c8ce8da3280a5238", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1879, "text_sha256": "a0a70e022e9499ca5d0608c1da80afadfad2215ac6cf1219c8ce8da3280a5238"} [mo-p10559215] Metabolism of retinaldehyde and other aldehydes in soluble extracts of human liver and kidney. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10559215/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.47.33366
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe same zinc-deficient rats showed increased retinal oxidase activity, with no detected REH/ARAT activity changes.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
- experimental_model
- Same hepatic activity assays.
- limitations
- Activity is not whole-body flux or proof of a direct zinc-binding requirement.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
- organism
- Rattus norvegicus
- plain_language
- Vitamin A processing did not simply stop at every step.
- primary_references
- [va-kim1988] Effect of zinc deficiency on hepatic enzymes regulating vitamin A status (1988). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3404291/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/118.8.995
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Liver
- trigger_kind
- nutrient_deficiency Imported condition classification; unverified.
Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 1531–1540
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same hepatic activity assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### va-zinc-deficiency-retinal-oxidation-increase The same zinc-deficient rats showed increased retinal oxidase activity, with no detected REH/ARAT activity changes. Condition category: nutrient_deficiency nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Vitamin A processing did not simply stop at every step. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver experimental_model: Same hepatic activity assays. limitations: Activity is not whole-body flux or proof of a direct zinc-binding requirement. [va-kim1988] Effect of zinc deficiency on hepatic enzymes regulating vitamin A status (1988). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3404291/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/118.8.995
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.