Component
Haptoglobin
Haptoglobin. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.
1 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
Where it participates (unsigned role)
With immersions continued three times a week for six weeks, a small but significant increase appeared in the proportions of monocytes and of lymphocytes expressing the IL-2 receptor CD25, and in plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha, with increases in haptoglobin and haemopexin, while interleukin-1 beta, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins, complement and total leucocyte counts showed no significant change.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_span
- {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/8925815.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ca491f2f549a1e245e952978c0df82c4075622affdf114a70315c0cce8583ff4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1732, "text_sha256": "ca491f2f549a1e245e952978c0df82c4075622affdf114a70315c0cce8583ff4"}
- experimental_model
- Athletic young men given a single immersion and then repeated immersions over six weeks
- exposure
- 14 degrees C for 1 hour, three times a week for six weeks
- limitations
- The authors themselves state the biological significance of the changes remains to be elucidated. Most immune measures did not change.
- nutrient_topic
- Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
- organism
- Human
- plain_language
- Six weeks of repetition nudges a few immune markers, and leaves most untouched.
- primary_references
- [cold-p8925815] Immune system of cold-exposed and cold-adapted humans. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8925815/ DOI: 10.1007/bf00242274
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Immune system
Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 715–726
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Athletic young men given a single immersion and then repeated immersions over six weeks · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### cold-repeated-immersion-immune With immersions continued three times a week for six weeks, a small but significant increase appeared in the proportions of monocytes and of lymphocytes expressing the IL-2 receptor CD25, and in plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha, with increases in haptoglobin and haemopexin, while interleukin-1 beta, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins, complement and total leucocyte counts showed no significant change. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: Six weeks of repetition nudges a few immune markers, and leaves most untouched. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Immune system experimental_model: Athletic young men given a single immersion and then repeated immersions over six weeks limitations: The authors themselves state the biological significance of the changes remains to be elucidated. Most immune measures did not change. exposure: 14 degrees C for 1 hour, three times a week for six weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/8925815.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ca491f2f549a1e245e952978c0df82c4075622affdf114a70315c0cce8583ff4", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1732, "text_sha256": "ca491f2f549a1e245e952978c0df82c4075622affdf114a70315c0cce8583ff4"} [cold-p8925815] Immune system of cold-exposed and cold-adapted humans. (1996). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8925815/ DOI: 10.1007/bf00242274
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.